摘要
针对不同环境、多性状条件下优良品种选择效率低下的问题,探讨整合环境型鉴定技术(envirotyping tech-niques,ET)和多性状选择对黄淮海夏玉米区试参试品种进行综合评价,以期为品种合理布局提供理论依据.本研究以2016-2017 年黄淮海夏玉米组区域试验数据为材料,基于当年 19 个环境协变量信息采用 ET将 40 个试点划分为不同生态区(mega-environments,ME).采用品种-产量×性状(genotype by yield×trait,GYT)双标图技术对不同生态区(mega-environments,ME)籽粒产量与生育期、株高、穗位高、倒伏率、空秆率、穗长、秃尖、穗行数、穗粒重、百粒重、茎腐病和黑粉病等农艺性状的组合表现进行综合评价,研究GYT双标图技术在玉米区域试验多性状评价中的作用.AMMI方差分析表明,2016 年被测农艺性状基因型、环境和互作效应均达到了极显著水平(P<0.01),2017 年被测农艺性状除穗位高互作效应不显著外,其余性状基因型、环境和互作效应均达到了极显著水平.根据当年气象因子信息将位于 8 个省份的 40 个试点划分为 4 个ME,降水亏缺(dbp)、饱和水汽压差(vpd)、相对湿度(rh)和最高温度(Tmax)在 5 个物候期中呈现出较大的变化趋势.GYT双标图与 ME结合,可以筛选出不同 ME的优势品种.2016 年参试品种中,衡玉 321 和冀丰 118 在划定的 4 个ME中均表现出丰产性突出、稳定性较好的特征,属于丰产稳产型品种.而潞玉 36 和潞研 1502 则属于参试品种中丰产性、稳定性均较差的品种.2017 年参试品种中,DK56 在ME2 和ME4 试点中产量-性状组合表现较为协调,DK205 和衡玉 6105 分别在ME1 和ME3 生态区中有较好的表现.对照品种郑单 958 两年区域试验表现出较好的稳定性但丰产性一般.基于环境型鉴定技术划分生态区与GYT双标图相结合对参试品种的丰产性、适应性和稳定性进行评价,实现品种推广的精细定位,为黄淮海夏玉米区品种多性状综合评价提供理论基础.
Abstract
The selection of superior maize hybrids under different climatic types and multiple traits has been a difficult problem for crop breeders.It is necessary to explore the combination of envirotyping techniques(ET)and multi-trait selection for the comprehensive evaluation of the participating hybrids in the summer maize regional trials in the Huanghuaihai plain,which can provide a theoretical basis for the rational layout of hybrids.In this study,based on the data of the Huanghuaihai summer maize group from 2016 to 2017 were used,40 sites were divided into different mega-environments(ME)by envirotyping techniques based on 19 environmental covariates in the same year.The combination performance of agronomic traits such as growth period,plant height,ear height,lodging rate,empty ears rate,ear length,bare tip length,kernels row number,grains weight per ear,hun-dred-seed weight,stalk rot,and common smut in the different mega-environments was comprehensively evaluated by using the GYT biplot technique.The ANOVA of the Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction(AMMI)model showed that genotype(G),environment(E),and GE effects for the evaluated agronomic traits reached highly significant level(P<0.01)in 2016 and that genotype,environment,and GE effects for the evaluated agronomic traits reached highly significant level in 2017,except for the GE effect of ear height,which was not significant.The 40 sites located in eight provinces were divided into four MEs based on the meteorological factor information of the current year,and meteorological factors deficit by precipitation(dbp),maximum temperature(Tmax),vapor pressure deficit(vpd),and relative humidity(rh)showed a large trend during the five phenological periods.Among the hybrids evaluated in 2016,Hengyu 321 and Jifeng 118 both showed outstanding productivity and good stability in the four mega-environments,which belonged to the productive and stable genotypes.Among the genotypes evaluated in 2017,DK 56 showed a more harmonious yield-trait combination in ME2 and ME4,while DK205 and Hengyu 6105 performed better in ME1 and ME3,respectively.The control hybrid Zhengdan 958 had a good stability but an average productiv-ity in the two-year regional trials.In conclusion,based on the combination of environtyping techniques to divide mega-environments and GYT biplot,we evaluated the high-yielding,the adaptability and stability of the evaluated hybrids,which could realize the fine positioning of genotype promotion,and provide a theoretical basis for the comprehensive evaluation of mul-tiple traits of genotypes in the summer maize area of the Huanghuaihai plain.
基金项目
河北省"三三三人才工程"人才培养项目(A202101056)
河北省重点研发计划项目(20326305D)
财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(玉米CARS-02)
河北省玉米现代种业科技创新团队(21326319D)
河北省农林科学院科技创新专项课题(2023KJCXZX-HZS-1)
河北省农林科学院科技创新专项课题(2023KJCXZX-HZS-12)
维普
万方数据