摘要
旨在探明滨海盐碱地大田条件下籼粳杂交稻产量优势形成特征.2021-2022 年,在江苏省滨海盐碱地择取中度盐碱地(medium saline-alkali soil,MS,土壤电导率平均 2.7 dS m-1)和重度盐碱地(high saline-alkali soil,HS,土壤电导率平均 7.2 dS m-1)两类典型田块,以籼粳杂交稻(甬优 2640 和甬优 4949)、常规粳稻(南粳 9108 和淮稻 5 号)、杂交籼稻(丰优香占和Y两优372)3种类型水稻品种为试材,探究实地条件下盐胁迫对不同类型品种产量及其形成特征的影响.与中度盐碱地相比:(1)重度盐碱地下各类型品种的穗数、每穗粒数、结实率和千粒重均显著低于中度盐碱地.中度和重度盐碱地下,籼粳杂交稻的产量均显著高于常规粳稻和杂交籼稻,这主要是由于其较高的每穗粒数.(2)重度盐碱地下各类型品种关键生育期(拔节、抽穗和成熟期)的群体茎蘖数及茎蘖成穗率均显著下降.中度和重度盐碱地下,常规粳稻和杂交籼稻关键生育期的群体茎蘖数及茎蘖成穗率均高于籼粳杂交稻.(3)重度盐碱地下各类型品种关键生育期的干物重均显著下降.中度及重度盐碱地下,籼粳杂交稻抽穗期和成熟期干物重、拔节期—抽穗期和抽穗—成熟期作物生长速率均显著高于常规粳稻和杂交籼稻.重度盐碱地下各类型品种的收获指数呈上升趋势.籼粳杂交稻在重度盐碱地下的收获指数高于常规粳稻和杂交籼稻.(4)重度盐碱地下各类型品种关键生育期的叶面积指数、播种期—拔节期、拔节期—抽穗期和抽穗期—成熟期光合势均显著下降.中度和重度盐碱地下,籼粳杂交稻成熟期叶面积指数和抽穗期—成熟期光合势均显著高于常规粳稻和杂交籼稻,抽穗期—成熟期叶面积指数衰减率则呈相反趋势.(5)重度盐碱地下各类型品种株高、上三叶叶长和叶宽、叶片 SPAD 值和光合速率均显著下降.中度和重度盐碱地下,籼粳杂交稻上三叶叶长和叶宽、叶片 SPAD 值和光合速率均高于常规粳稻和杂交籼稻.本研究结果表明,滨海盐碱地实地条件下,盐胁迫显著影响水稻产量及其形成特征.与常规粳稻和杂交籼稻相比,籼粳杂交稻在滨海盐碱地仍具有较高的产量优势,这主要得益于其较高的每穗粒数;此外,较高的作物生长速率、较大的上三叶叶面积及其较强的叶片持绿性也是籼粳杂交稻在滨海盐碱地具有较好产量优势的重要特征.
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the formation characteristics of yield advantage of japonica/indica hybrid rice under field conditions of coastal saline-alkali land.From 2021 to 2022,three types of rice cultivars,including japonica/indica hybrid rice(Yongyou 2640 and Yongyou 4949),conventional japonica rice(Nanjing 9108 and Huaidao 5),and hybrid indica rice(Fengy-ouxiangzhan and Y Liangyou 372),were grown in two typical fields of medium saline-alkali soil(MS,the average soil conductiv-ity 2.7 dS m-1)and heavy medium saline-alkali soil(HS,the average soil conductivity 7.2 dS m-1)selected in coastal saline-alkali land of Jiangsu province to investigate the effects of salinity stress on the yield and formation characteristics of different types of cultivars under field conditions.Compared with MS:(1)The number of panicles,the spikelets per panicle,filled-grain percentage,and 1000-grain weight of three types of rice under HS were significantly lower than MS.The yield of japonica/indica hybrid rice was significantly higher than MS and HS,which was mainly attributed to its more spikelets per panicle.(2)Tiller number of rice population at the main growth stages(jointing,heading,and maturity stages)and the percentage of productive tiller of three types of cultivars decreased significantly HS.The conventional japonica rice and hybrid indica rice had consistently more tiller number of rice population at the main growth stages and percentage of productive tiller than japonica/indica hybrid rice.(3)Dry matter weight at the main growth stages of three types of cultivars were significantly reduced under HS.The japonica/indica hybrid rice had higher dry matter weight at heading and maturity stages,and the crop growth rate from jointing to heading and from heading to maturity than MS and HS.The japonica/indica hybrid rice had higher harvest index than conventional japonica rice and hybrid indica rice under HS.(4)Leaf area index at the main growth stages and leaf area duration from sowing to jointing,from jointing to heading,and from heading to maturity of three types of cultivars were significantly reduced under HS.The japonica/indica hybrid rice had higher leaf area index at maturity stage,and leaf area duration from heading to maturity,while the lower reduction rate of leaf area index from heading to maturity,than MS and HS.(5)The plant height,length and width of upper three leaves,leaf SPAD values,and leaf photosynthetic rate of three types of cultivars were decreased significantly under HS.The leaf length and leaf width,leaf SPAD value,and photosynthetic rate of indica-japonica hybrid rice were higher than MS and HS.The results demonstrated that salinity stress significantly affected rice yield and its formation characteristics under saline-alkali lands.Com-pared with conventional japonica rice and hybrid indica rice,japonica/indica hybrid rice still had a higher yield advantage under salinity stress,which was mainly due to the more spikelets per panicle.Besides,higher crop growth rate,larger upper three leaf area,and stronger stay-green characteristics after heading were important traits underlying superior yield performance of japo-nica/indica hybrids under saline-alkali lands.
基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2022YFE0113400)
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1500402)
江苏省重点研发计划(BE2023355)
国家自然科学基金(32001466)
江苏省农业科技自主创新项目(CX231020)
江苏省高等学校基础科学(自然科学)研究重大项目(23KJA210004)
中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2020M671628)
江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项(BE2022304)
江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项(BE2022305)
扬州大学"青蓝工程"项目()
江苏省高等学校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD)()
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据