Developing high-quality and ultrashort-duration rice varieties is of great significance for improving the multiple cropping index in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River to ensure our food security.In this study,the ultrashort-duration rice line CPPC09-180-28-1-5 was used as the recipient parent.The high-quality variety Xiangyaxiangzhan which carrying the fragrance gene fgr and the grain length gene GW7 was used as the donor parent.Three new breeding lines carrying homozygous fgr and GW7 genes were bred with high-quality and ultrashort-duration,via hybridization,backcrossing and genome-wide marker-assisted selection.Fragrance identification,main agronomic characters,and grain quality analysis of the new breeding lines were carried out.The new lines carrying fgr and GW7 genes had obvious fragrance.The grain length of the new lines was significantly increased com-pared with the recipient parent CPPC09-180-28-1-5,resulting in better grain quality.The whole growth period of the new lines was about 85-98 days,which was basically consistent with the recipient parent CPPC09-180-28-1-5.The new lines could be planted as early or late rice in the rice area of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River to improve the multiple cropping index.In addition,plant height,1000-grain weight,and yield per plant of the new breeding lines were significantly reduced com-pared with the recipient parent CPPC09-180-28-1-5,indicating that the introgression of two chromosome fragments carrying tar-get genes in this study has a significant effect on the main agronomic traits of CPPC09-180-28-1-5.This study provides the germ-plasm resources and strategies for breeding high grain quality and ultrashort-duration rice by the molecular breeding.
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