摘要
针对稻麦轮作地区稻田耕整地质量不高以及还原性物质积累不利于机插秧早期生长等问题,探讨了应用一体化旱耕整泡田模式促进机插秧早期高质量生长的可行性.于 2021-2022 年在江苏省宿迁市泗洪县试验基地设置 3种耕整地模式:一体化旱耕整地+泡田模式(Treatment 1,T1)、旱旋+泡田+水旋整地模式(Treatment 2,T2)、泡田+水旋整地模式(Treatment 3,T3),测定了稻田土壤氧化还原电位、不同土层还原性物质含量和机插稻生长早期根系和地上部性状.结果表明,土壤氧化还原电位以T1 最高,在最低点较T2 和T3 分别提高 19.3%～24.7%和 31.6%～41.1%.不同耕整地模式显著影响了 0～5 cm和 5～10 cm土层内还原性物质总量、活性还原性物质、亚铁离子和二价锰离子的含量.其中,相较于T2 和T3 的均值,T1 在 0～5 cm和 5～10 cm土层内活性还原性物质含量分别降低 31.9%～37.6%和22.6%～23.5%,亚铁离子含量分别降低 30.5%～40.3%和 25.3%～27.3%.这一结果主要与 T1 显著降低了 0～5 cm 和5～10 cm土层的土壤容重,并提高了相应土层的土壤总孔隙度有关.机插秧根系性状(总根数、根干重、根系氧化力)和地上生长(茎蘖数、干物质积累量)均以T1 最高,T2 次之,T3 最低.相比较于T2 和T3 的均值,移栽后 30 d条件下T1 的总根数增加 9.6%～32.9%,根干重增加 19.5%～53.8%,根系氧化力增加 27.3%～34.7%,茎糵数增加 9.0%～15.4%,干物质积累量增加 30.7%～44.7%.相关性分析表明,T1 条件下机插秧早期的高质量生长主要是由于 0～5 cm土层内还原性物质含量的降低,特别是活性还原性物质和亚铁离子含量的显著降低(P<0.05).综上,在稻麦轮作地区应用一体化旱耕整地泡田模式有助于降低稻田土壤中还原性物质含量,促进机插秧早期高质量生长.
Abstract
There were some problems in rice-wheat rotation areas,such as low quality of rice field soil preparation,and the accu-mulation of reducing substances was not conducive to the early growth of mechanically transplanting rice.We explored the feasi-bility of applying an integrated dry tillage and soaking pattern to promote high-quality early growth of machine transplanted rice.The experiment was carried out in the experimental base of Sihong county,Suqian city,Jiangsu province from 2021 to 2022.Three tillage patterns were conducted,namely integrated dryland tillage+soaking pattern(Treatment 1,T1),dryland rotary tillage+soaking+paddy rotary tillage pattern(Treatment 2,T2),and soaking+paddy rotary tillage pattern(Treatment 3,T3).The redox potential of paddy soil,the content of reducing substances in different soil layers,and the root and shoot traits of ma-chine-transplanted rice at early growth stage were determined.The result showed that the soil redox potential of T1 was the high-est,which was 19.3%-24.7%and 31.6%-41.1%higher than that of T2 and T3 at the lowest point,respectively.Different tillage patterns significantly affected the contents of total reducing substances,active reducing substances,ferrous ions,and divalent manganese ions in 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm soil layers.Among them,compared with the mean values of T2 and T3,the content of active reducing substances in the 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm soil layers of T1 decreased by 31.9%-37.6%and 22.6%-23.5%,respec-tively,and the content of ferrous ions decreased by 30.5%-40.3%and 25.3%-27.3%,respectively.This result was mainly related to the fact that T1 significantly reduced the soil bulk density of 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm soil layers and increased the total soil poros-ity of the same soil layers.Root traits(root total number,root dry weight,and root oxidation capacity)and above-ground indexes(tiller number,dry matter accumulation)of T1 were the highest,followed by T2,and T3 was the lowest.Compared with the mean values of T2 and T3,the total root number,root dry weight,root oxidation force,the number of tillers,and the dry matter accu-mulation of T1 increased by 9.6%-32.9%,19.5%-53.8%,27.3%-34.7%,9.0%-15.4%,and 30.7%-44.7%,respectively.Correla-tion analysis indicated that the early high-quality growth of machine-transplanted rice under T1 was mainly due to the reduction of reducing substances within the 0-5 cm soil layer,especially the significant reduction of active reducing substances and ferrous ions(P<0.05).In conclusion,the application of the integrated dryland tillage and soaking pattern can help to reduce the content of rice field reducing substances and promote the early high-quality growth of machine transplanted rice in rice-wheat rotation areas.
基金项目
江苏省重点研发计划(BE2022338)
江苏省农业科技自主创新项目(CX[20]1012)
江苏省水稻产业技术体系建设项目(JATS[2022]485)
江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目()
维普
万方数据