摘要
研究不同类型土壤调理剂对滨海盐碱地夏玉米田 0～10 cm、10～20 cm、20～30 cm和 30～40 cm土层土壤盐分含量、玉米根系形态和籽粒产量的影响,为滨海盐碱地区夏玉米田适宜土壤调理剂的选用提供理论依据.试验于2022-2023 年夏玉米季在山东省滨州市滨海盐碱型农田进行.采用完全随机区组设计,以不施土壤调理剂为对照(CK),设置 3 种不同类型的土壤调理剂,分别为硅钙钾镁型调理剂(T1)、硅钙钾镁沸石型调理剂(T2)和硅钙钾镁聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)型调理剂(T3).研究不同类型土壤调理剂对 0～40 cm土层土壤盐分含量、玉米根系形态、叶面积指数、地上部干物质积累量、氮素积累量及籽粒产量的调控效应.结果表明,与 CK 相比,玉米拔节期(V6)T1、T3 处理20～30 cm 土层土壤总盐含量和 Na+含量分别降低 6.88%和 23.00%、28.82%和 17.44%,土壤 HCO3-含量分别升高10.97%、5.66%;吐丝期(R1)T2 处理 10～40 cm土层土壤总盐含量、Na+含量分别平均降低 9.07%、14.11%,土壤HCO3-含量平均升高 21.35%.土壤总盐含量降低有利于根系和地上部生长.与CK相比,吐丝期T1、T2 和T3 处理 0～40 cm土层玉米单株平均根系长度分别提高 17.56%、74.83%和 33.53%;T2 和T3 处理单株平均根系表面积分别提高 33.35%和 27.44%,单株平均根系干重分别提高 14.58%和 11.93%.与CK相比,T1、T2 和T3 处理显著提高了玉米的叶面积指数,植株地上部干物质积累量以及氮素积累量,最终提高了夏玉米产量.2022 年T1、T2 和T3 处理籽粒产量分别提高 3.81%、8.22%和 4.72%;2023 年分别提高 8.08%、18.88%和 15.95%.综合分析可知,本试验条件下硅钙钾镁沸石型调理剂可有效降低玉米吐丝期土壤盐分含量,减轻盐分胁迫,促进玉米根系生长和对氮素的吸收,增加地上部氮素积累量和干物质积累量,显著增加籽粒产量,是滨海盐碱地降低盐碱胁迫促进夏玉米生长的最佳土壤调理剂类型.
Abstract
In order to provide the theoretical basis for the selection of suitable soil conditioners for summer maize field in coastal saline-alkali land,we analyzed the effects of different types of soil conditioners on soil salt content of 0-10 cm,10-20 cm,20-30 cm,and 30-40 cm layers of summer maize fields in coastal saline-alkali land,root morphology,and grain yield of maize.In 2022-2023 maize growth seasons,the experiments were conducted in coastal saline-alkali summer field at Binzhou,Shandong province.The experiments were designed with the completely random block experimental design,with no soil conditioner as the control(CK),three different types of soil conditioners treatments:silica-calcium-potassium-magnesium conditioner(T1),sili-ca-calcium-potassium-magnesium zeolite conditioner(T2),and silica-calcium-potassium-magnesium polymer(PAM)conditioner(T3)were set up for studying the effects of different types of soil conditioners on soil salt content of 0-40 cm layer,root mor-phology,leaf area index,biomass of shoot,nitrogen accumulation amount of shoot and grain yield in maize.The results indicated that,at V6 stage,compared with CK,the total salt content and Na+content of 20-30 cm soil layer in T1 and T3 treatments de-creased by 6.88%and 23.00%,28.82%,and 17.44%,respectively,but the HCO3-content of 20-30 cm soil layer increased by 10.97%and 5.66%,respectively.At R1 stage,compared with CK,the total salt content and Na+content of 10-40 cm soil layer in T2 treatment decreased by 9.07%and 14.11%,respectively.The HCO3-content of 10-40 cm soil layer increased by 21.35%.The decrease of soil total salt content was beneficial for the growth of root and shoot.Compared with CK,at R1 stage,the average root length per plant of 0-40 cm soil layer was increased by 17.56%,74.83%,and 33.53%in T1,T2,and T3 treatments,respectively.The average root surface per plant was increased by 33.35%and 27.44%in T2 and T3 treatments,respectively.The average root dry weight per plant were increased by 14.58%and 11.93%in T2 and T3 treatments,respectively.Compared with CK,T1,T2,and T3 treatments significantly increased the leaf area index,shoot biomass,and nitrogen accumulation,thus increasing the grain yield of summer maize.Compared with CK,the grain yield of T1,T2,and T3 treatments were increased by 3.81%,8.22%,and 4.72%in 2022,and by 8.08%,18.88%,and 15.95%in 2023,respectively.In conclusion,in the conditions of our experiments,silica-calcium-potassium-magnesium zeolite conditioner effectively reduced soil salt content at R1 stage in maize,alleviated salt stress,promoted root and shoot growth,increased shoot nitrogen accumulation and biomass,and thus significantly increasing grain yield in maize,which was the best soil conditioner for improving summer maize growth in saline-alkali coastal land.
基金项目
山东省重点研发计划(LJNY202103)
山东省现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(SDAIT-02-08)
山东省重大科技创新工程计划(2021CXGC010804-05)
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1201700)
维普
万方数据