摘要
探究不同施磷水平对夏花生产量、品质及磷素积累动态、光温生理特性和根系形态影响效应,为花生高效科学施用磷肥提供理论支持.2021-2022 年在河南省温县布置磷肥用量田间试验,供试品种为"豫花 22",设P2O5 0、30、60、90、120 kg hm-2 5 个磷肥用量处理.于成熟期测定夏花生荚果产量和品质指标,并分别于苗期、花针期、结荚期、饱果期测定叶片SPAD值、冠层光合有效辐射和冠层温度,采集植株样品分析植株磷素积累量和根系形态.结果表明,随施磷量增加,2 年夏花生荚果产量均呈"线性+平台"趋势变化,适宜施磷量分别为 94 kg hm-2 和 95 kg hm-2,施磷处理 2 年平均增产 23.68%.成熟期籽粒粗蛋白、含油量和氨基酸含量均随施磷量增加呈"先升高后趋于稳定"趋势变化.与不施磷相比,施磷 90 kg hm-2 时籽粒粗蛋白、含油量和氨基酸含量 2 年度平均增幅分别为 11.06%、3.89%和 11.58%,效果显著.通过 Logistic 方程对夏花生磷素积累量进行非线性回归拟合,得出施磷处理通过提高夏花生磷素最大积累速率(Vm)和平均积累速率((V)),延长快速积累期(Δt)与活跃积累期(Taas),进而提高磷素最大积累量(Ym);适量施磷提高各部位磷素吸收积累量,促进磷素向荚果中分配.夏花生冠层最高温、最低温与平均温均随施磷量的增加显著降低;叶片SPAD值与冠层光合有效辐射量(APAR)和分量(FPAR)在施磷 90 kg hm-2 时显著增加;施磷处理夏花生耕层总根长、根平均直径、根体积和根表面积分别平均增加 48.50%、16.25%、37.80%和 21.88%.磷肥利用率和偏生产力随施磷量增加逐渐降低,农学效率呈先升高后降低的变化趋势.合理施磷可显著提高夏花生产量、改善品质,促进磷素积累利用并显著改善生育期光温生理性能.本试验条件下夏花生推荐施磷量为 90 kg hm-2.
Abstract
Phosphorus(P)application status on the yield,quality,phosphorus accumulation dynamics,physiological characteris-tics of light and temperature,and root morphology of summer peanuts were explored to provide theoretical support for the effi-cient and scientific application of P in peanuts.Field experiment was conducted in Wen county,Henan province from 2021 to 2022.Five P(P2O5)fertilization treatments(0,30,60,90,and 120 kg hm-2)were applied using variety"Yuhua 22"as the experi-mental material.The yield and quality indicators of summer peanut pods were measured at mature stage,leaf SPAD value,canopy photosynthetic effective radiation,and canopy temperature were determined at seedling stage,flowering-pegging stage,pod-setting stage,and pod-filling stage,respectively.Plant samples were collected to analyse P accumulation and root morphology.Results showed that the"linear+platforms trends"were observed between P rates and peanut pods yield in both years and the optimal P application rates were 94 kg hm-2 and 95 kg hm-2,respectively.P application increased yield by 23.68%on average.The contents of crude protein,oil and amino acid in grain at maturity had a trend of"first increasing and then stabilizing"with the increasing P application rates.Compared with no P application(0 kg hm-2),the average increasing rate of crude protein,oil and amino acid contents in grain with P application of 90 kg hm-2 was 11.06%,3.89%,and 11.58%,respectively.The P accumulation amount of summer peanuts was fitted by nonlinear regression through the Logistic equation,and it was concluded that P applica-tion treatments increased the maximum amount of P accumulation(Ym)by increasing the maximum accumulation rate(Vm)and the average accumulation rate((V))of P and prolonging the rapid accumulation period(Δt)and the active accumulation period(Taas).Applying proper amount of P increased the absorption and accumulation of P in each part and promoted the distribution of P to pod.The maximum,minimum,and mean temperatures of the summer peanut canopy all decreased significantly with the in-creases of P rates.Peanut leaf SPAD values and canopy photosynthetically active radiation(APAR)and fractions(FPAR)signifi-cantly increased with P application of 90 kg hm-2.Total root length,average root diameter,root volume,and root surface area of the ploughing layer in summer peanuts were increased by an average of 48.50%,16.25%,37.80%,and 21.88%,respectively,in P application treatments.Phosphorus fertilizer recovery efficiency and partial factor productivity decreased gradually with the in-crease of P application,and agronomic efficiency showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.Reasonable phosphorus application can significantly increase the yield and quality of summer peanuts,promote the accumulation and utilization of phos-phorus,and improve the physiological performance of light and temperature at reproductive stage.The recommended P applica-tion rate for summer peanuts under the conditions of this experiment was 90 kg hm-2.
基金项目
国家重点研发计划(十四五)(2021YFD1901001-08)
维普
万方数据