摘要
研究滴灌条件下施氮量对不同氮效率品种关键生育时期干物质积累和氮素吸收转运及产量的影响,为干旱半干旱区滴灌水稻高产高效生产提供技术参考.试验于 2021-2022 年开展,以氮高效品种(T-43)和氮低效品种(LX-3)为供试材料,采用裂区设计;设置4个施氮水平,分别为N0(0 kg hm-2)、N1(150 kg hm-2)、N2(300 kg hm-2)和N3(450 kg hm-2).分析滴灌水稻在抽穗期和成熟期干物质积累、氮素吸收利用及产量对施氮量的响应差异.结果表明:(1)施用氮肥可以增加滴灌水稻干物质积累量(1.99%～26.02%)和氮素积累量(25.67%～97.69%),提高水稻产量(23.75%～66.75%);但过量施氮(450 kg hm-2)会减小对干物质积累的促进作用,导致结实率和穗粒数下降,使氮素主要集中在秸秆中,最终降低水稻对氮素的利用效率.(2)在同一施氮条件下,T-43 的有效穗数、结实率、抽穗期叶片和穗部干物质及氮素积累量均高于 LX-3(分别为 1.65%～5.19%、0.42%～8.47%、7.61%～19.68%、19.81%～40.73%、19.81%～30.23%和 20.14%～49.65%),最终产量高于LX-3(4.23%～28.47%).(3)氮素利用效率对施氮量的响应存在品种间差异(P<0.05).与 LX-3 相比,T-43 有更高的氮肥农学利用效率、氮素回收率和氮肥偏生产力(分别高1.05%～25.23%、5.86%～20.05%和 10.09%～18.01%).综上所述,在滴灌栽培条件下,选用氮高效品种(T-43),配施 300 kg hm-2 氮肥表现出更佳的氮素吸收转运能力和更高的产量,能更好地利用养分资源,是本试验最佳的品种和施氮量组合方式.
Abstract
The objective of this study is to explore the effects of nitrogen application levels on dry matter accumulation,nitrogen absorption and transport,and yield of rice varieties with different nitrogen efficiency during key growth stages under drip irriga-tion conditions,which can provide the technical reference for high-yield and efficient rice production under drip irrigation in arid and semi-arid areas.The experiment was conducted from 2021 to 2022,using high nitrogen efficient cultivar(T-43)and low ni-trogen efficient cultivar(LX-3)as the test materials.The split zone design was conducted with four nitrogen application levels,namely N0(0 kg hm-2),N1(150 kg hm-2),N2(300 kg hm-2),and N3(450 kg hm-2).The differences in dry matter accumulation,nitrogen absorption and utilization,and yield response to nitrogen application in drip irrigated rice at heading and maturity stages were analyzed.The results showed as follows:(1)Applying nitrogen fertilizer can increase the dry matter accumulation(1.99%-26.02%)and nitrogen accumulation(25.67%-97.69%)of rice under drip irrigation,and increase rice yield(23.75%-66.75%).However,the excessive nitrogen application(450 kg hm-2)reduced the promoting effect on dry matter accu-mulation,leading to a decrease in seed setting rate and grain number per spike,mainly concentrating nitrogen in straw,ultimately reducing the nitrogen utilization efficiency of rice.(2)Under the same nitrogen application conditions,the effective number of panicles,seed setting rate,dry matter and nitrogen accumulation in leaves and panicles of T-43 were higher than LX-3 by 1.65%-5.19%,0.42%-8.47%,7.61%-19.68%,19.81%-40.73%,19.81%-30.23%,and 20.14%-49.65%,respectively,and the final yield was higher than LX-3 by 4.23%-28.47%.(3)The response of nitrogen utilization efficiency varies among varieties at P<0.05.Compared with LX-3,T-43 had higher N Agronomic efficiency,N recovery efficiency,and N partial factor productivity higher by 1.05%-25.23%,5.86%-20.05%,and 10.09%-18.01%,respectively.In conclusion,under drip irrigation cultivation,the selection of high nitrogen efficient cultivar(T-43)and the application of 300 kg hm-2 nitrogen showed better nitrogen uptake and transport capacity and higher yield,and could better utilize nutrient resources,which was the best combination of variety and ni-trogen application rate in this experiment.
基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(32360527)
国家自然科学基金项目(31460541)
第三师图木舒克市科技计划项目(KJ2023CG03)
石河子大学青年创新拔尖人才项目(CXBJ202003)
石河子大学自主支持科研项目(ZZZC2022008)
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据