摘要
黄淮海地区农业集约化和机械化发展导致土壤紧实问题日益加重,限制玉米产量的进一步提升.明确不同品种玉米根系和地上部生长对土壤紧实胁迫的差异性响应特征,可为该区玉米高产栽培提供理论依据.本研究选用 3个玉米品种,采用机械碾压的方法在同一田块模拟无紧实胁迫(NC:no compaction stress,容重 1.0～1.3 g cm-3)、中度紧实胁迫(MC:moderate compaction stress,容重 1.4～1.5 g cm-3)和重度紧实胁迫(HC:heavy compaction stress,容重>1.6 g cm-3)3 个紧实程度处理,定量解析不同程度土壤紧实胁迫下不同品种玉米根冠生长各指标及产量的变化规律.结果表明,与NC相比,MC和HC处理导致玉米减产 3.8%～10.3%和 12.5%～33.3%.玉米根冠生长及产量形成对土壤紧实胁迫的响应存在基因型差异.MC处理下,DK517的根长、根干重及根冠比较ZD958和DH605分别提高6.0%和 14.0%、15.7%和 29.6%、18.8%和 24.8%,但最大叶面积指数、植株总干物重和产量无显著差异;HC处理下,DK517的根长和根干重较ZD958 和DH605 分别提高 8.4%和 22.5%、29.6%和 57.8%,且最大叶面积指数、植株总干物重和根冠比分别提高 4.6%和 15.5%、3.7%和 20.9%、28.0%和 32.1%,因此产量分别增加 7.5%和 27.2%.相关分析表明,土壤容重和贯穿阻力与玉米根冠生长各指标和产量呈显著负相关关系(P<0.01).综上所述,土壤紧实胁迫会显著抑制玉米根系和地上部生长而造成减产,但不同品种玉米根冠生长对不同程度土壤紧实胁迫的响应存在着差异,重度土壤紧实胁迫下根冠生长均具有优势的品种能够维持较高的产量,研究结果可为玉米品种改良和土壤紧实下耕作措施优化提供理论依据.
Abstract
Soil compaction has become a limiting factor for further increasing maize yield as the development of intensification and mechanization in agriculture in the Huang-Huai-Hai region.Understanding the characteristics of root and shoot growth of different maize varieties under soil compaction stress is benefit for maize high-yield cultivation.To analyse the root and shoot growth and yield of different maize varieties under different levels of soil compaction stress,in this study,three maize varieties were selected,and three soil compaction levels[no compaction stress(NC:no compaction stress,bulk density 1.0-1.3 g cm-3),moderate compaction stress(MC:moderate compaction stress,bulk density 1.4-1.5 g cm-3),and heavy compaction stress(HC:heavy compaction stress,bulk density>1.6 g cm-3)]were simulated by mechanical rolling in the same field.The results showed that compared with NC,maize yield under MC and HC treatments decreased by 3.8%-10.3%and 12.5%-33.3%,respectively.There were differences in maize root and shoot growth and yield formation under soil compaction stress among three varieties.Under MC treatment,root length,root dry matter,and root-shoot ratio of DK517 increased by 6.0%and 14.0%,15.7%and 29.6%,18.8%and 24.8%,respectively,compared to ZD958 and DH605.However,there was no significant difference in the maximum leaf area index,total dry matter,and yield.Under HC treatment,root length and root dry matter of DK517 increased by 8.4%and 22.5%,29.6%and 57.8%,respectively,compared to ZD958 and DH605,and the maximum leaf area index,total dry matter,and root-shoot ratio increased by 4.6%and 15.5%,3.7%and 20.9%,28.0%and 32.1%,respectively,resulting in an increase in yield of 7.5%and 27.2%,respectively.The correlation analysis showed that soil bulk density and penetration resistance were negatively correlated with maize root and shoot growth and yield(P<0.01).In summary,soil compaction stress could significantly inhibit the growth of maize roots and shoot,resulting in the reduced yields.However,there were differences in maize root and shoot growth under soil compaction stress among different varieties,and the variety with advantages in both root and shoot growth and coordination could maintain higher yields under heavy soil compaction stress.The results provide the theoretical basis for maize breeding improvement and cultivation measures optimization with root architecture as the goal.
基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(31971851)
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2300803)
财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-02-14)
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据