摘要
大豆种质资源是品种改良的关键.本研究对 334 份我国北方春大豆种质资源的主要农艺性状和品质性状进行了变异分析、相关性分析、聚类分析、主成分分析、分段线性回归分析和逐步多元回归分析.聚类分析结果表明,可将 334 份大豆种质划分为 4 个类群,其中类群Ⅲ主要为吉林地区杂交育成大豆品种,在本地区平均单产高,抗倒伏能力强,综合表现较好.主成分分析表明,5 个主成分分别代表产量因素、品质因素、株高因素、分枝与开花因素和开花至成熟时间因素,累计贡献率达到 79.76％.使用 DTOPSIS 法对大豆品种进行评分,综合表现最好的是编号36 的大豆品种.多元线性逐步回归分析表明,单株荚数、百粒重、油分、主茎节数、单株粒数对单产影响显著;油分、单株荚数、分枝数、株高和开花时间对蛋白质影响显著;蛋白质、百粒重、开花时间、开花至成熟时间、单株荚数和单产对油分影响显著.依据分段线性回归分析,并综合相关性分析和多元回归方程,构建高产大豆理想株型为:主茎节数尽量增加;五节高 8.00～14.70 cm;单株荚数大于 132.83 个;分枝数在 6 个左右;开花时间 57.16 d左右;开花至成熟时间大于 61.29 d,整个生育日期控制在霜降期以内;不倒伏或轻倒;单株粒数 250.43 粒左右;蛋白质38.87％左右;油分大于 19.27％;百粒重 19.45～22.55 g.高产高油大豆理想株型为:株高 113.50～114.45 cm左右;五节高 12.15～14.70 cm;主茎节数不超过 25.15节;单株荚数 132.83～142.65个;分枝数 0～3.00个;不倒伏或轻倒;开花时间 57.16 d左右;开花至成熟时间 61.29～69.00 d;单株粒数 249.63 粒左右;百粒重 19.25～22.55 g.高产高蛋白大豆理想株型为:株高 113.50～114.45 cm 左右;五节高 8.00～10.55 cm 左右;主茎节数 19.42 节左右;单株荚数132.83～138.96 个;分枝数 4.72 个左右;倒伏性可为轻倒;开花时间 63.00 d左右;开花至成熟时间 68.52 d左右;单株粒数 227.54～250.43 粒;百粒重小于 19.20 g.本研究揭示了北方春大豆品种具有广泛的遗传背景和丰富的基因潜力,是优质的大豆育种资源.
Abstract
Soybean germplasm resources are the key to the improvement of soybean variety.Variation analysis,correlation analy-sis,cluster analysis,principal components analysis,piecewise linear regression analysis,and stepwise multiple regression analysis were conducted on the main agronomic and quality traits of 334 spring soybean germplasm resources in northern China.The re-sults of cluster analysis showed that 334 soybean germplasm resources could be divided into 4 groups,among which group Ⅲ mainly include cross breeding soybean varieties in Jilin region,with the high average yield per unit,strong lodging resistance,and better comprehensive performance in this region.Principal components analysis showed that the five principal components repre-sented yield factor,quality factor,plant height factor,branching and flowering factor,and flowering to maturity time factor,with the cumulative contribution rate of 79.76％.The soybean variety with the best overall performance was No.36 using DTOPSIS method.Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that the number of pods per plant,100-seed weight,oil content,the number of nodes on main stem,and the number of seeds per plant had significant effect on yield;oil content,the number of pods per plant,the effective branch number,plant height,and flowering time had significant effect on protein content.Protein content,100-seed weight,flowering time,flowering to maturity time,the number of pods per plant,and yield had significant effect on oil content.Based on piecewise linear regression analysis,combined with correlation analysis,and multiple regression equations,the optimum plant types for high-yield soybeans were established as follows:the number of nodes on main stem was increasing as much as possible.Five nodes height on the bottom was 8.00-14.70 cm.The number of pods per plant was more than 132.83.The effective branch number was about 6.The flowering time was about 57.16 days.The time from flowering to maturity was greater than 61.29 days,and the whole growth period was controlled before the frost period.Lodging is non-lodging or slight lodging.The number of seeds per plant was about 250.43.Protein content was about 38.87％,oil content was greater than 19.27％,100-seed weight was 19.45-22.55 g.The optimum plant type of high-yield and high-oil soybeans was approximately 113.50-114.45 cm in plant height.Five nodes height on the bottom was 12.15-14.70 cm.The number of nodes on main stem shall not exceed 25.15 segments.The number of pods per plant was 132.83-142.65.The effective branch number was 0-3.00.Lodging was non-lodging or slight lodging.The flowering time was about 57.16 days.The time from flowering to maturity was 61.29-69.00 days,the number of seeds per plant was approximately 249.63,and 100-seed weight was 19.25-22.55 g.The opti-mum plant types for high-yield and high-protein soybeans were:the plant height was about 113.50-114.45 cm.Five nodes on the bottom were about 8.00-10.55 cm.The number of nodes on main stem was about 19.42.The number of pods per plant was 132.83-138.96,the branch number was about 4.72.Lodging can be mid-lodging.The flowering time was about 63.00 days.The time from flowering to maturity was about 68.52 days.The number of seeds per plant was 227.54-250.43,100-seed weight was less than 19.20 g.This study revealed that northern spring soybean germplasm resources had a wide genetic background and rich genetic potential,which was the high-quality soybean breeding resources.
基金项目
吉林省科技发展计划项目(20220202012NC)
吉林省农业科技创新工程(CXGC2022RCG005)
吉林省农业科技创新工程(CXGC2022RCY008)
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据