摘要
肥料为作物提供必要的营养元素,促进光合作用的进行,推动作物的生长和产量形成.黄淮海平原是我国优质大豆主要产区,优化该地区施肥技术对于提高大豆单产,缓解我国大豆进口压力具有重要意义.本试验设置不施肥(no fertilization,F0)、侧深施肥(side deep fertilization,F1)、等距施肥(equidistant deep fertilization,F2)和地表撒施(surface fertilization,F3)4 个处理,研究不同施肥方式下大豆叶片生理指标、物质积累和产量构成的变化规律,旨在阐明施肥方式与大豆生产的相互关系,为黄淮海地区大豆绿色高效生产提供理论支撑.结果表明,F1 处理增加了大豆荚粒期叶片的光系统 Ⅱ潜在光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)、光系统 Ⅱ 实际光化学效率[Y(Ⅱ)]、电子传递速率(ETR)和光化学荧光淬灭系数(qP);相较于其他处理,F1 处理大豆生育后期叶片的Y(Ⅱ)增加 3.61％～22.86％.在抗氧化代谢方面,F1处理显著提高了大豆叶片的SOD和CAT活性,与其他处理相比,鼓粒后期F1 处理叶片SOD和CAT活性分别提高6.32％～35.34％和 1.93％～50.55％,进而促进了叶片净光合速率的提升(29.42％～70.10％).F1 处理光合功能的改善提升了生育中后期干物质(1.17％～101.18％)和氮素(1.01％～88.14％)的积累,为产量的增加奠定基础.施肥方式的改变(F1、F2 处理)显著提高了大豆产量,较 F3 处理分别提高了 10.66％和 6.55％.进一步分析发现,大豆叶片 Fv/Fm、Y(Ⅱ)、Pn、SOD和CAT活性与单株荚数、单株粒数和产量均呈显著正相关.综上,侧深施肥增强了大豆叶片后期抗氧化系统的功能,提升光合与物质积累,优化产量构成,促进大豆增产.
Abstract
Fertilizers play a crucial role in providing essential nutrients for crops,promoting photosynthesis,and enhancing crop growth and yield formation.The Huang-Huai-Hai region is a significant soybean production area in China,known for high-quality soybean cultivation.Optimizing fertilization techniques in this region is pivotal for improving soybean yields and reducing soy-bean import pressure in China.In this experiment,we implemented four treatments:no fertilization(F0),side deep fertilization(F1),equidistant deep fertilization(F2),and surface fertilization(F3).The objective was to study the variations in soybean leaf physiological indices,material accumulation,and yield composition under different fertilization methods.Our aim was to eluci-date the relationship between fertilization practices and soybean production,providing theoretical support for sustainable and efficient soybean production in the Huang-Huai-Hai region.The results demonstrated that the F1 treatment significantly increased the potential photochemical quantum yield of photosystem Ⅱ(Fv/Fm),the actual photochemical quantum yield of photosystem Ⅱ[Y(Ⅱ)],the electron transfer rate(ETR),and the photochemical fluorescence quenching coefficient(qP)of soybean leaves during the pod-grain stage.Compared to the other treatments,the F1 treatment led to a 3.61％-22.86％increase in Y(Ⅱ)in soybean leaves during the late reproductive stage.Regarding antioxidant metabolism,the F1 treatment significantly enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)in soybean leaves.In comparison to the other treatments,the F1-treated leaves exhibited a 6.32％-35.34％increase in SOD activity and a 1.93％-50.55％increase in CAT activity during the late seed filling stage,subsequently contributing to a boosted net photosynthetic rate(29.42％-70.10％).The enhancement of photosynthetic func-tion in the F1 treatment resulted in increased dry matter(1.17％-101.18％)and nitrogen(1.01％-88.14％)accumulation during the middle and late fertility stages,providing a foundation for increased yield.Changes in fertilization practices(F1 and F2 treatments)led to a significant increase in soybean yield by 10.66％and 6.55％,respectively,compared to the F3 treatment.Further analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between soybean leaf Fv/Fm,Y(Ⅱ),Pn,SOD,CAT activities,and the number of pods per plant,number of grains per plant,and overall yield.In conclusion,side-depth fertilization enhanced the late antioxidant system function of soybean leaves,improved photosynthesis and material accumulation,optimized yield composition,and promoted in-creased soybean yield.
基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFE0105000)
国家自然科学基金项目(32101845)
财政部和农业农村部现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-04)
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据