摘要
为明确高密植对冷榨菜籽油品质的影响,本研究选用 6 个株型差异较大的油菜品种(系),采用 45 万株 hm-2和 75 万株 hm-2 2 个密度种植,油菜成熟后收获籽粒冷榨,分析菜籽油理化指标、脂肪酸组成和典型脂质伴随物的含量.结果表明,与 45 万株 hm-2 相比,在 75 万株 hm-2 密度条件下,6 个油菜品种(系)籽粒含油量、菜籽油叶绿素含量、红值、过氧化值和酸价增加,均值分别为 4.67%、65.28%、22.16%、30.36%和 7.23%,但均符合国标一级菜籽油质量标准;不饱和脂肪酸含量增加幅度为 0.02%～4.26%,类胡萝卜素和极性总酚含量增加幅度分别为 0.52～4.54 mg kg-1 和 1.18～12.06 mg 100 g-1;川油 20 和华油杂 62 两品种冷榨菜籽油中的生育酚和植物甾醇含量均有提升.综合评价结果表明,不同株型油菜冷榨食用油品质形成对不同种植密度的响应规律不同,不同高度和叶型油菜在 75 万株hm-2 种植密度下的冷榨菜籽油品质优于 45 万株 hm-2,其中川油 20 和华油杂 62 在 75 万株 hm-2 密度下的综合品质较优.本研究结果可为油菜密植、优质菜籽油原料的品种选育及生产提供参考.
Abstract
In order to determine the effect of high density planting on the quality of cold-pressed rapeseed oil,six rapeseed varie-ties with significantly different plant architectures were selected and planted with 450,000 plants hm-2 and 750,000 plants hm-2.The mature seeds were harvested and cold-pressed,and the physicochemical indexes,fatty acid composition,and typical lipid concomitants contents of rapeseed oil were analyzed.The results showed that compared with 450,000 plants hm-2,the oil content,chlorophyll,red value,peroxide value,and acid value under the density of 750,000 plants hm-2 increased on average by 4.67%,65.28%,22.16%,30.36%,and 7.23%,respectively.But all of them met the national standard gradeⅠ rapeseed oil quality stan-dard.Under the density of 750,000 plants hm-2,the contents of unsaturated fatty acids increased by 0.02%-4.26%,and the con-tents of carotenoid and polar total phenol increased by 0.52-4.54 mg kg-1 and 1.18-12.06 mg 100 g-1,respectively.At the same time,the contents of tocopherol and phytosterol of'Chuanyou 20'and'Huayouza 62'were increased.Comprehensive evaluation results showed that the quality of cold-pressed oil obtained from different plant architectures of rapeseed was different in response to the two planting densities.The quality of cold-pressed oil obtained from different heights and leaf types of rapeseed was better than 450,000 plants hm-2 under the density of 750,000 plants hm-2,among which the comprehensive quality of"Chuanyou 20"and"Huayouza 62"was superior under the density of 750,000 plants hm-2.Thus,the results of this study can provide a reference for the density planting,variety breeding,and the production of high-quality rapeseed oil raw materials.
基金项目
湖北省自然科学基金计划项目(2024AFB732)
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1600502)
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据