为探究增密减肥对水稻地上部干物质积累、产量等的影响,在 2021-2022 年,采用有序机抛技术,设置 3种移栽密度,低密度(low density,LD)、中密度(medium density,MD)和高密度(high density,HD)分别为 18 万株 hm-2、22 万株 hm-2 和 27 万株 hm-2,设置 3 种施肥量水平,低肥料(low fertility,LF)、中肥料(medium fertility,MF)和高肥料(high fertility,HF)分别为 450 kg hm-2、525 kg hm-2 和 675 kg hm-2 进行大田试验.结果表明:中密中肥(medium density and medium fertilizer,MDMF)处理的产量最高,与低密高肥(low density and high fertilizer,LDHF)相比,MDMF处理的产量 2 年平均增幅 3.15%,显著增加了有效穗数,稳定了其他产量因素,但收获指数增幅不高,甚至降低.齐穗期前高密高肥(high density and high fertilizer,HDHF)处理的地上部干物质量最高,2 年平均增幅 0.17%,齐穗后MDMF处理的地上部干物质量最高,2 年平均增幅 0.16%.MDMF处理在各生育时期的叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)、叶绿素相对含量(soil and plant analyzer development,SPAD)与LDHF处理相差不大,但MDMF处理的SPAD衰减率和LAI衰减率维持在较高水平,2021年和2022年MDMF处理条件下水稻SPAD衰减率分别为12.65%和16.85%,LAI衰减率分别为 6.42%和 6.74%.随着移栽密度和肥料的增加水稻分蘖数增加.由以上可知,适当的增密减肥可增加有效穗数,构造较高的群体结构和地上部干物质量,增加齐穗期至成熟期籼型杂交稻群体光合物质的生产及转运能力,保持了源的稳定,增加了产量库容量而获得高产,籼型杂交稻生产上宜采用栽插密度为 22 万株 hm-2 和施肥量为 525 kg hm-2 的组合.
Abstract
To investigate the effects of increased planting density and reduced fertilizer application on the biological traits,accu-mulation of dry matter,and yield of rice,this study employed three transplanting densities:low density(LD),medium density(MD),and high density(HD)with 18×104,22×104,and 27×104 plants hm-2,respectively.Three fertilizer application levels were also set:low fertility(LF),medium fertility(MF),and high fertility(HF)with rates of 450,525,and 675 kg hm-2,respectively.Field experiments were conducted using sequential machine throwing technology during the period from 2021 to 2022.The re-sults demonstrated that the medium density and medium fertilizer(MDMF)treatment exhibited the highest yield.Compared to the low density and high fertilizer(LDHF)treatment,the yield of MDMF treatment increased by 3.15%on average in two years.This treatment significantly increased the effective panicle number and stabilized other yield factors.However,there was no significant increase,and possibly a negative effect,on the harvest index.Prior to full heading,the shoot dry matter treated with high density and high fertilizer(HDHF)exhibited the highest quality,with an average increase of 0.17%over two years.On the other hand,the shoot dry matter treated with MDMF showed the highest quality after full heading,with an average increase of 0.16%.The leaf area index(LAI)and soil and plant analyzer development(SPAD)values of the MDMF treatment did not differ significantly from those of the LDHF treatment at each growth stage.However,the SPAD attenuation rate and LAI attenuation rate of the MDMF treatment remained consistently high.The SPAD attenuation rates were 12.65%and 16.85%,respectively,and the decay rates of LAI were 6.42%and 6.74%,respectively.The number of rice tillers increased with higher transplanting density and fertilizer ap-plication.In summary,appropriate densification and fertilizer reduction can increase the number of effective panicles,establish a more robust population structure and aboveground dry matter weight,enhance the production and transport capacity of indica hybrid rice from the full heading stage to the mature stage,maintain source stability,improve yield potential,and achieve high yields.The recommended combination for the production of indica hybrid rice is a planting density of 22×104 plants hm-2 and a fertilizer application rate of 525 kg hm-2.
关键词
籼型杂交稻/移栽密度/肥料/产量/干物质积累
Key words
indica hybrid rice/transplanting density/fertilization/yield/accumulation of dry matter
维普
万方数据