The SINA(seven in absentia)family of E3 ubiquitin ligases is involved in plant growth and development,immune symbiosis and response to stresses.In this study,we cloned the TaSINA-3A gene located on chromosome 3A in wheat.The TaSINA-3A genome sequence spans 3897 bp,including a 2001 bp promoter region and a 1896 bp coding region.The TaSINA-3A genome encods 244 amino acids,and contains a conserved RING(really interesting new gene)domain at amino acids 50-91.Sequence polymorphism analysis revealed the presence of 33 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)in the promoter region and 4 SNPs in the coding region.Quantitative analysis showed that the TaSINA-3A gene exhibited tissue-specific expression during different developmental stages of wheat.Molecular markers based on the SNP loci SNP-159,SNP-418,and SNP-1286 in the promoter region were developed to genotype the natural population of wheat.Association analysis between genotypes and pheno-typic traits revealed significant associations between molecular marker CAPS-159 and penultimate internode length(PIL)and plant height(PH)under various environmental conditions,and Association analysis between genotypes and phenotypic traits re-vealed significant associations between molecular marker dCAPS-418 and spike length(SL)and 1000-grain weight(TGW)under various environmental conditions.Among these associations,the allelic variant SNP-159-C was associated with shorter PIL and PH,while SNP-418-A was associated with longer SL and higher TGW.TaSINA-3A was found to negatively regulate spike and grain development,and its expression may be suppressed by the MYC transcription factor.In the context of wheat breeding in China,SNP-418-A has been positively selected and its frequency in modern cultivars has gradually increased;however,its full potential has not been fully utilized.These results provide valuable insights for further exploration of the mechanisms underlying penultimate internode length,plant height,spike length,and grain yield.Moreover,they provide genetic resources for breeding new varieties with high yield,stable yield and wide suitability.
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