Research progress in phytohormone regulation of square and boll shedding in cotton
Cotton square and boll shedding is a common phenomenon,which can occur as an active adaptive response to adverse environmental stress or as a passive loss due to genetic characteristics,environmental conditions,cultivation practices,and vari-ous biotic and abiotic stresses.Square and boll shedding directly impacts cotton yield.However,most existing studies,both do-mestic and international,primarily focus on preliminary findings from the 1950s and 1960s concerning the influence of ethylene and abscisic acid on cotton shedding.Based on insights from other plant species,it appears that square and boll shedding is closely related to a decline in growth-promoting hormones—such as auxin,gibberellin,and cytokinin—and an increase in growth-inhibiting hormones like ethylene and abscisic acid.These hormones not only regulate metabolic processes within the plant but also coordinate signaling pathways that play a pivotal role in the shedding process.In this paper,we review the molecu-lar regulatory mechanisms underlying the formation and functioning of abscission zones,as well as the hormonal responses and regulatory mechanisms involved in the shedding of cotton squares and bolls,and in the shedding of other plant (reproductive)organs in recent years.Our findings reveal a lack of comprehensive research on cotton square and boll shedding,with most stud-ies focusing on the limited effects of a few hormones on cotton reproductive growth,while failing to investigate the deeper mechanisms that lead to shedding.Therefore,future research should prioritize exploring the genetic basis of cotton square and boll shedding,identifying new gene resources for breeding varieties resistant to shedding,and enhancing our understanding of the relationship between shedding and hormone regulation in cotton as a model plant.This will provide a theoretical foundation and technical support for improving cotton yield.
cottonphytohormonessquare and boll sheddingcurrent status of researchresearch directions
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