抗凝血灭鼠剂在广东已使用40多年,评估不同鼠类种群的抗药性对于科学合理使用抗凝剂具有重要的指导意义.维生素K环氧化物还原酶亚基1(vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1,Vkorc 1)上的错义突变可以导致鼠类对抗凝剂的抗性.本研究首先根据鼠类的外部形态特征和线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(cyto-chrome c oxydase subunit Ⅰ,CO Ⅰ)基因对广东省雷州市乌石镇捕获的91只鼠进行物种鉴定,然后根据不同鼠类种群内的Vkorc1错义突变频率,评估当地种群对抗凝剂是否产生抗性.结果表明,COⅠ基因支持形态分类的结果,捕获的鼠种包括黑缘齿鼠Rattus andamanensis、黄毛鼠R.losea、黄胸鼠R.tanezumi和褐家鼠R.norvegicus.Vkorc1多态性分析显示,22只黑缘齿鼠中检测到1种沉默突变Ala18Ala,52只黄胸鼠中检测到2种沉默突变Ala18Ala和Ala41Ala,16只褐家鼠中检测到2种沉默突变His68His和Ile82Ile.目前乌石镇的鼠类种群没有产生与抗性相关的Vkorc1错义突变,表明当地种群对抗凝血剂的抗性水平较低,第一代抗凝剂仍可用于当地鼠害防治.
Species identification and assessment of resistance levels of rodents captured in Leizhou city,Guangdong province
Anticoagulant rodenticides have been widely used in Guangdong province for over 40 years.To ensure effective and scientific application of these anticoagulant rodenticides,it is crucial to assess the level of resistance in different rat populations.Missense mutations in the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1(Vkorcl)gene can cause anticoagulant resistance in rats.In this study,we first identified the 91 rat samples captured in Wushi town,Leizhou city,Guangdong province based on their external morphological characteristics and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit Ⅰ(CO Ⅰ)gene,and then assessed the anticoagulant resistance levels based on the frequency of missense mutations in different rat populations.Results showed that the CO Ⅰ gene supported the results of morphological classification,and the captured rats comprised Rattus andamanensis,R.losea,R.tanezumi,and R.norvegicus.Analysis of Vkorc1 polymorphism revealed one silent mutation Ala18Ala in 22 individuals of R.andamanensis,two silent mutations Ala18Ala and Ala41Ala in 52 individuals of R.tanezumi,and two silent mutations His68His and Ile8211e in 16 individuals of R.norvegicus.Currently,the rodent population in Wushi town has no Vkorc1 missense mutations associated with anticoagulant resistance,indicating a low level of anticoagulant resistance in local rat populations.This suggests that the first generation of anticoagulant rodenticides are still effective in managing the local rat populations.
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