摘要
为了利用植保无人飞机有效防治玉米南方锈病,开展了施药液量和药剂筛选研究.试验结果表明:植保无人飞机在飞行高度2 m和飞行速度3 m/s条件下,施药液量为2 L/667m2时,药液雾滴在玉米植株下三叶、棒三叶和上三叶上的沉积密度分别为91.72、57.75个/cm2和13.42个/cm2,且施药液量增加到3 L/667m2和4 L/667m2时药液雾滴的沉积密度没有显著变化.施药液量为2、3 L/667m2和4 L/667m2时农药沉积利用率分别为52.59％、53.89％和57.88％.综合考虑作业效率,植保无人飞机施药防治玉米南方锈病的最佳施药液量为2 L/667m2.在此施药条件下,喷施30％丙硫菌唑OD、20％丙环唑ME、32.5％苯甲·嘧菌酯SC和40％丙硫菌唑·戊唑醇SC 14 d后对玉米南方锈病的防治效果分别达到96.72％、70.68％、80.54％和69.71％.因此,植保无人飞机在飞行高度2 m,飞行速度3 m/s,作业行距5m,施药液量2 L/667m2时喷施30％丙硫菌唑OD、32.5％苯甲·嘧菌酯SC、20％丙环唑ME和40％丙硫菌唑·戊唑醇SC可有效防治玉米南方锈病.
Abstract
In order to use plant protection unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV)to effectively control maize southern rust,spray volume of pesticide application solution and pesticide selection for the disease prevention and control by plant protection UAV was investigated.The results showed that when the application solution was 2 L/667m2 at a flight altitude of 2 m and a flight speed of 3 m/s,the deposition density of the pesticide droplets on the lower three leaves,three-ear-leaves and upper three leaves of maize plants was 91.72,57.75 droplets/cm2 and 13.42 droplets/cm2,respectively,and the deposition density of the droplets did not change significantly when the application solution increased to 3 L/667m2 and 4 L/667m2.When the application solution was 2,3 L/667m2 and 4 L/667m2,the pesticide deposition utilization rate was 52.59％,53.89％and 57.88％,respectively.Considering the operation efficiency,the optimal application solution of plant protection UAV for southern maize rust control was 2 L/667m2.Under these conditions,the control effects of spraying prothioconazole 30％OD,propiconazole 20％ME,difenoconazole·azoxystrobin 32.5％SC and prothioconazole·tebuconazole 40％SC against southern maize rust reached 96.72％,70.68％,80.54％and 69.71％,respectively,14 days after spraying.Therefore,spraying prothioconazole 30％OD,difenoconazole·azoxystrobin 32.5％SC,propiconazole 20％ME and prothioconazole·tebuconazole 40％SC at a flight altitude of 2 m,flight speed of 3 m/s,operation row spacing of 5 m,and application solution of 2 L/667m2 can effectively control southern maize rust.
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