Strategies of plant pathogenic fungi to inhibit chitin-triggered plant immune responses
Chitin is an important component of fungal cell wall.It imparts strength and rigidity to fungal cell wall due to its crystalline nature.Chitin plays an important role in infection-related morphogenesis of phytopatho-genic fungi,such as the infection structure and the infection hyphae.During the interaction between plants and plant pathogenic fungi,chitinases secreted by plants can degrade chitin to chitin oligomers.As a pathogen-asso-ciated molecular pattern(PAMP),chitin oligomer can be recognized by the membrane-located chitin receptors to stimulate plant immune responses.To successfully infect plants,plant pathogenic fungi have evolved a variety of strategies to inhibit the chitin-triggered plant immunity responses.Specifically,plant pathogenic fungi secrete many proteins such as effector proteins,polysaccharides or chitin deacetylases,chitinases and proteases to inhibit the plant defense responses.These proteins are secreted into the apoplast or inside the cell to destroy the plant immune system,which promotes the nutrient acquisition,colonization,growth,and development of the patho-genic fungi.This review summarizes the molecular mechanism of chitin recognition in plants and the main strate-gies to inhibit chitin-triggered plant immune responses of plant pathogenic fungi.We also discuss future research trends in this field.
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