黄瓜枯萎病由黄瓜专化型尖镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum,Foc)侵染引起,是黄瓜生产中较难防治的一种土传病害,发病时多造成植株萎蔫枯死,可导致黄瓜大幅减产.本研究从美国农业研究菌种保藏中心(Agricultural Research Service Culture Collection,NRRL)获得了一株可产生抗菌肽的木霉菌株3199,经形态学和分子生物学鉴定确定为苇状木霉(Trichoderma arundinaceum).平板对峙试验发现菌株3199对Foc抑制效果明显.盆栽试验表明菌株3199孢子悬浮液(浓度1×108个孢子·mL-1)灌根对黄瓜枯萎病的防效为51.3％.进一步对该菌株的抑菌活性物质进行分析,发现其发酵液乙酸乙酯提取物(12 mg·mL-1)可显著抑制Foc生长.结果表明,T.arundinaceum菌株3199可代谢产生抑制Foc的活性天然产物,在黄瓜枯萎病生物防治方面有较大应用潜力.
Biocontrol efficacy of Trichoderma arundinaceum strain 3199 against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum
Fusarium wilt of cucumber,caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum(Foc),is an impor-tant soil-borne disease that is difficult to control.The disease usually causes plant wilt,leading to significant yield loss.In this study,a Trichoderma strain 3199,which produces antimicrobial peptaibol,was obtained from the Agricultural Research Service Culture Collection(NRRL).The strain was identified as Trichoderma arundi-naceum based on morphological characteristics and the result of molecular identification.Confronting incubation results showed that T.arundinaceum strain 3199 had obviously inhibitory effect on Foc.In pot experiment,root irrigation of cucumber seedlings with spore suspension(1×108spores·mL-1)of strain 3199 showed 51.3％bio-control effects against Fusarium wilt caused by Foc.Furthermore,the ethyl acetate extract(12 mg·mL-1)from fermentation broth of strain 3199 could effectively inhibit the growth of Foc.The results indicate that T.arundi-naceum strain 3199 has great potential for the biocontrol of Fusarium wilt of cucumber by producing bioactive secondary metabolites.
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