颠茄茎基腐病病原鉴定、生物学特性及防治药剂室内筛选
Identification,biological characteristics and control agents of the pathogen causing belladonna basal stem rot
鹿秀云 1商俊燕 1高驰 2苏振贺 1王莹 1张晓云 1郭庆港 1李社增 1马平1
作者信息
- 1. 河北省农林科学院植物保护研究所,农业农村部华北北部作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,河北省农业有害生物综合防治创新中心,保定 071000
- 2. 石家庄市农林科学研究院,石家庄 050048
- 折叠
摘要
2022年5月,在石家庄市农林科学研究院的颠茄试验田中发生了一种由颠茄茎基部腐烂引起整株死亡的新病害.为有效了解和防治该病害,本研究针对该病害开展了病原分离鉴定、病原生物学特性研究和防治药剂室内筛选试验.通过形态特征鉴定和rDNA-ITS序列分析以及柯赫氏法则回接试验,将该病害鉴定为由瓜果腐霉(Pythium aphanidermatum(Eds)Fitzp.)引起的颠茄茎基腐病,为国内首次报道.生物学特性研究表明,该病原菌菌丝生长、孢子囊产生、卵孢子形成的最适温度分别为35 ℃、25～35 ℃和35 ℃;最适pH分别为7.0～9.0、7.0～8.0和10.0;同时明确了其最适光照条件和培养基;瓜果腐霉菌丝生长和孢子囊产生的最适碳源分别为可溶性淀粉和葡萄糖,最适氮源分别为硝酸铵和脲.选用9种常用化学杀菌剂和1种微生物杀菌剂对P.aphanidermatum进行室内毒力测定,结果表明:35％精甲霜灵FS、250 g·L-1嘧菌酯SC、98％噁霉灵SP和100 g·L-1氰霜唑SC对瓜果腐霉菌丝的生长具有较明显的抑制作用,EC50值分别为1.619、2.069、37.463和49.484 μg·mL-1,为指导生产上颠茄茎基腐病合理用药提供了一定的理论依据.
Abstract
The basal stem rot disease of belladonna(Atropa belladonna)occurred severely in the experimental farm of Shijiazhuang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences in May 2022.In order to effectively control the disease,identification,biological characteristics of the pathogen as well as disease control were carried out.The pathogen isolates causing belladonna basal stem rot disease was identified as Pythium aphanidermatum based on the morphological characteristics,rDNA-ITS sequence analysis and Koch's postulates testing.To our knowl-edge,the new disease is the first report in China.The optimum temperatures of mycelium growth,sporangium production and oospore formation were 35 ℃,25-35 ℃ and 35 ℃,the optimum pH values were 7.0-9.0,7.0-8.0 and 10.0,respectively.In addition,the optimum light condition and growth medium for culturing P.aphanider-matum were determined.The most suitable carbon sources of mycelium growth and sporangium production were soluble starch and glucose,and the most suitable nitrogen sources were ammonium nitrate and urea.Toxicity of nine chemical fungicides and one biological fungicide on mycelium growth of P.aphanidermatum were evaluated in the laboratory condition.The results showed that 35％metalaxyl-M FS,250 g·L-1 azoxystrobin SC,98％hy-mexazol SP and 100 g·L-1 cyazofamid SC had strong inhibition abilities against the pathogen with EC50 of 1.619,2.069,37.463 and 49.484 μg·mL-1,respectively.All the work mentioned above provided a basic knowledge for rational control of belladonna basal stem rot.
关键词
颠茄/茎基腐病/病原菌鉴定/瓜果腐霉/生物学特性/毒力测定Key words
belladonna/basal stem rot/pathogen identification/Pythium aphanidermatum/biological characteristic/toxicity measurement引用本文复制引用
基金项目
河北省农林科学院科技创新专项(2022KJCXZX-ZBS-1)
河北省现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(HBCT2023070201)
河北省高端人才发展规划项目(第四批)()
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据