Symbolism and connectionism are two classic paradigms of artificial intelligence,leading to rule-based and data-based legal reasoning models,respectively.These models correspond to the age-old jurisprudential proposition of normative closure and cognitive openness.Symbolism emphasizes the clo-sure of norms,while connectionism focuses on the openness of cognition.These two paths represent dis-tinct technological paradigms,underpinned by deep philosophical differences,leading to two entirely dif-ferent legal development models.Thus,the openness and closure of legal AI encompass a range of im-portant dualistic jurisprudential propositions.Around this dual concept,within the intellectual traditions of formal rational law and substantive rational law,using the conceptual tools of systems theory jurispru-dence,the core theoretical propositions of AI in law can be reconstructed.The unilateral drive of big data intelligence technology will provoke profound legal mutations across the social,temporal,and factual di-mensions of law.This demands a reevaluation of the functions,domains,processes,and structures of le-gal AI,defining three types of evolutionary paths.From the dual perspective of normative closure and cognitive openness,more complex legal theories should be developed to design the developmental road-map for legal AI,guiding the healthy evolution of intelligent law in the digital age.
Legal Artificial IntelligenceNormative ClosureCognitive OpennessPersonalized LawReflective Law
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