新就业形态职业伤害保障制度的法理障碍及纾解从"不完全劳动关系"教义学出发

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中文摘要：工伤保险系基于劳动关系的人格从属性建立的雇主责任险,旨在为工业时代的劳动者提供个人无力解决的职业伤害保障.新就业形态就业人员职业伤害保障制度的法理障碍是劳动关系,应当从"不完全劳动关系"教义学入手,再结合保险法的一般原理设计结构性制度.相关就业人员受到平台算法的指挥控制,同时也可能受到站点以及相关企业的管理,长期服务于某一平台也可以解读出稳定的工作预期,将工伤保险制度应用于这一群体原则上具备法理正当性,但是要满足合理性要求,还需要做到"靶向施策":具备部分人格从属性的新就业形态就业人员应当强制加入职业伤害保障制度,由平台企业以合理方式负担缴费,在承担外部连带责任的同时赋予其内部的追偿权利;职业伤害认定应当恪守人格从属性决定的"三工原则",规避工作任务"原子化"带来的道德风险;在确定工作预期的前提下,由平台企业承担经济从属性决定的生活保障费、伤残津贴、伤残就业补助金等待遇.

外文摘要：Occupational injury insurance is established based on the personality-subordination nature of labor relations as an employer's liability insurance,aiming to provide protection against occupational injuries for workers in the industrial age,which they could not resolve on their own.The legal barrier to the occupational injury protection system for employees in new employment forms is the labor relation-ship.It should start with the doctrine of"incomplete labor relations"and then combine the general prin-ciples of insurance law to design a structural system.Employees in these new employment forms are un-der the command and control of platform algorithms and may also be managed by platforms and related enterprises.Long-term service to a platform can also be interpreted as stable work expectations,making it principally justifiable to apply the occupational injury insurance system to this group.However,to meet the requirements of reasonableness,"targeted measures"need to be taken:employees in the new employment form who are partially dependent in term of personality should be compulsorily included in the occupational injury protection system,with platform companies bearing the cost of contributions in a reasonable manner,while granting internal rights of recourse in addition to assuming external joint liabil-ity;the recognition of occupational injuries should adhere to the"three labor principles"determined by personality-subordination attributes,avoiding the moral hazards brought by the"atomization"of work tasks;and under the premise of determining work expectations,platform companies should bear the economic subordi-nation-determined living security fees,disability allowances,and disability employment subsidies,among other benefits.

外文关键词：

Occupational Injury Protection for New Forms of EmploymentOccupational Injury In-suranceIncomplete Labor RelationsPersonality SubordinationEconomic Subordination

作者：

娄宇

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作者单位：

中国政法大学民商经济法学院

关键词：

新就业形态职业伤害保障工伤保险不完全劳动关系人格从属性经济从属性

基金：

中国政法大学钱端升杰出学者支持计划中国政法大学科研创新项目

项目编号：

22ZFG8002

出版年：

2024

中外法学

北京大学

中外法学

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心

影响因子：3.903

ISSN：1002-4875

年,卷(期)：2024.36(3)

参考文献量26