During the Hellenistic period,Roman jurists began to consciously study and adopt ancient Greek dialectical methods,particularly those of the Stoics.This led to the gradual development of Roman jurisprudence into a Hellenistic-style specialized discipline,which formulated a more systematic and com-plete legal theory.In the 12th to 15th centuries,the Italian"Glossators"and"Commentators"estab-lished the traditions of legal teaching and research in Italy and throughout continental Europe.These scholars utilized the popular"scholastic dialectic"of the time.They generally adhered to a"thesis-antith-esis"approach that emphasized formal debate.Modern legal scholarship,influenced by the paradigm of knowledge established by natural sciences and natural law theories or rational legal systems,sought to a-chieve complete scientific or mathematical precision.This aspiration led to the development of legal axio-matics(logic),with the goal of realizing the"dream of a legal axiomatics(logic)system".Since the 19th century,legal scholarship has faced reflection,criticism,and some logical challenges,such as the diffi-culty in determining the truth or falsity of legal statements.In response,legal scholars and logicians have proposed various solutions.Examples include Theodor Viehweg's"Theory of Legal Topic",Chaïm Perelman's"New Rhetoric",Stephen Toulmin's"Argumentation Schemes",and von Wright's"Deontic Logic",among others.
TopicInventionItalian StyleGeometrical StyleConceptual Mathematics of Law
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