With the introduction of the concept of rights of freedom,modern Chinese views on rights began to take shape.However,this development was marked by a tension between translation and rejec-tion,reflecting a stance rooted in traditional Chinese culture.Examining the ideas and texts of Yan Fu and his related works provides insight into this fundamental position.Yan Fu's stance was shaped by this background,leading him to not fully embrace the classical liberalism of the Western tradition as repre-sented by thinkers like John Stuart Mill.Instead,he maintained a critical spirit that was willing to reject aspects of Western thought.Despite his conservative tendencies,which should be evaluated in the con-text of the traditional moral ideals he upheld,Yan Fu did not experience a dramatic shift in thought,un-like Japanese modern Enlightenment thinker Katō Hiroyuki,who underwent a significant ideological transformation in the later stages of his career.This consistency in Yan Fu's views implies that,as a leading social Darwinist in modern China,he did not succumb to the prevailing authoritarian perspectives of his time.This consistency is attributed to Yan Fu's adherence to moral ideals grounded in traditional Chinese culture.This core autonomous stance endowed Yan Fu's ideas on freedom rights with enduring vitality,which continues to have relevance even in the context of China's current constitution.
Yan FuRightLibertyAutonomyHistory of Comparative Concept Transplantation
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