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从三维人格同一性探究人格权的客体

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当今关于何为人格权的客体主要有人格、人格要素、人格利益等学说,这基本源自对此前一个多世纪多国立法及司法实践的归纳与概括,持续的争议表明该问题尚未解决.对人格权客体的探析须借鉴多学科知识,系统梳理人之所以成为人的基础条件.在现代社会,自然人的存在同时具有生物、理性与社会维度,具有生物人、理性人与社会人三维人格.三维人格互相依存,共同构成人格整体.三维人格的基础分别是遗传同一性、心理同一性与社会同一性.自然人的三维人格同一性是其三维人格的基础,能够维护其完整人格利益和整体人格,是人格权的客体.基于自然人的三维人格同一性,就可理解尊严、安全、自由等人格价值的内涵,并对人格要素及其发展做出类型化分析.对人格权客体的科学界定有助于构建完整且合理的人格权体系.
Current theories on the object of personality rights mainly include concepts like personali-ty,personality elements,and personality interests,reflecting a synthesis of international legislation and judicial practice over the past century.The ongoing debate indicates that the issue remains unresolved.To explore the object of personality rights,it is essential to draw on multidisciplinary knowledge and sys-tematically understand the fundamental conditions that make a person what he is.In modern society,a natural person's existence encompasses biological,rational,and social dimensions,constituting a three-dimensional personality,i.e.,the biological person,the rational person,and the social person.These three dimensions are interdependent and together form the entirety of personality.The foundation of this three-dimensional personality includes genetic identity,psychological identity,and social identity.The u-nity of these three dimensional identities is fundamental for maintaining comprehensive personality inter-ests and constitutes the object of personality rights.Understanding the dignity,security,and freedom associated with personality values based on these three-dimensional identities can provide a typological a-nalysis of personality elements and their development.A scientifically defined theory on the object of per-sonality rights will expectedly contribute to constructing a complete and rational personality rights sys-tem.

Object of Personality RightsThree-Dimensional PersonalitiesGenetic IdentityPsy-chological IdentitySocial Identity

刘银良

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北京大学法学院

人格权客体 三维人格 遗传同一性 心理同一性 社会同一性

教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目

21JZD032

2024

中外法学
北京大学

中外法学

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:3.903
ISSN:1002-4875
年,卷(期):2024.36(5)