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中国继承法中的扶养考量:功能与局限

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中国继承法以其无处不在的扶养理念而独具特色.依被继承人是作为扶养义务人还是接受扶养的对象,这一理念又具体转化为继承人的需求和贡献这两个关键词.在我国继承法中,扶养关系的有无可能影响继承资格的取得、继承份额的多寡以及遗产债权的存在.这一模式与我国的法律文化相协调,与老龄化社会的现状相契合,也有助于疑难案件中实体正义的实现.当然,我国现有的这一继承法体系仍然存在诸多缺陷:既有的规则粗糙,缺乏可操作性;单纯依据扶养因素决定部分继承人(尤其是继父母子女)的资格,缺乏说服力;忽视扶养关系中对遗嘱自由不可避免的威胁,缺乏全面性.然而,上述局限并非全盘推翻我国继承法体系的理由,如何在保留本土特色的基础上对既有规则予以完善优化,应当是未来继承法理论实务探索的方向.
China's inheritance law is distinctive for its pervasive concept of support,which translates into key factors such as the needs and contributions of heirs,depending on whether the deceased was the support provider or the recipient.This approach can affect eligibility for inheritance,the share of the in-heritance,and the presence of estate debts.It aligns with China's legal culture and the realities of an ag-ing society,aiding in achieving substantive justice in complex cases.However,the existing inheritance system has several flaws:the rules are rough and lack practicality;relying solely on support factors to determine the qualifications of certain heirs(especially stepchildren)is unconvincing;and the potential risks to the freedom of testators in support relationships are overlooked,lacking comprehensiveness.These limitations do not warrant a complete overhaul of the system.The focus should be on refining and optimizing existing rules while retaining local characteristics.This should be the direction for future theo-retical and practical exploration in inheritance law.

SupportHeirshipNecessity PortionClaims against the Legacy

李贝

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上海交通大学凯原法学院

扶养 继承人资格 必留份 遗产酌给

2024

中外法学
北京大学

中外法学

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:3.903
ISSN:1002-4875
年,卷(期):2024.36(5)
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