objective: to study and compare the use in patients with low rectal cancer underwent total laparoscopic rectal and laparotomy mesangial clinical effect of treatment. Methods: a retrospective analysis of our hospital the clinical data of 100 patients with low rectal cancer research and analysis. And 100 low rectal cancer patients were randomly divided into laparoscopic rectal mesangial resection of observation group and the total open mesangial control group 50 cases each. Results: through the observation and comparison, the observation group and control group in patients with anal rate there is no difference, but in bed postoperative recovery time and the intestinal function recovery time of observation group was significantly shorter than the control group, in addition, the observation group of patients in the perioperative blood loss relatively less in the control group, two groups of treatment effect difference is statistical y significant. Conclusion: compared with open resection, the effects of laparoscopic resection of the lesions under better, less postoperative complications, is a kind of can be widely used in the treatment in clinical practice.