Objective to predict pneumoconiosis incidence, liangshan prefecture pneumoconiosis disease causes and protective measures are discussed. Methods from 2001 to 2001, 712 cases of liangshan prefecture pneumoconiosis cases for analysis. Results diagnosis cases of liangshan prefecture have risen sharply since 2011, cases remain at a high level, diagnostic quantity respectively is nearly three years in the past ten years accumulated cases diagnosed by 547.17%, 345.28% and 350.94%, With the decline in the diagnostic threshold, occupation disease diagnosis related policies continue to improve, ten years of my state of pneumoconiosis patients showed a high incidence of the situation, the various contradictions caused wil emerge. And the state of Liangshan has many factors of pneumoconiosis incidence. Conclusion Liangshan is a resources are very rich, the development potential of industrial and mining enterprises gathered area, by occupation, environmental impact, pneumoconiosis prevalence rate assumes the trend of escalation, should strengthen the protection measures of pneumoconiosis occupation disease, reduce the pneumoconiosis prevalence rate, and improve the treatment effect.