To enhance the safety of drinking water in rural areas is one of the government's public health management responsibilities, as wel as an important part of protection to the health and safety of people's lives. Qingdao Economic and Technological Development Zone and Laixi City were selected as the representative areas. Through choosing sites and carrying out water quality monitoring and waterborne disease surveil ance, the relationship between drinking water safety and health of residents in rural areas was analysised. The actual feasibility water quality interventions were studied, to explore and develop regulatory measures and countermeasures for enhancing the safety of drinking water in rural areas.