Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of anterior debridement Treatment of thoracolumbar tuberculosis decompression and fusion. Methods 39 cases of thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis patients with anterior debridement and fusion fixation decompression, preoperative and postoperative isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol triple antituberculosis and observe its effect Results 36 patients received fol ow-up (12 months ~46 months (mean 23.4 months). The last fol ow-up CT confirmed good, al for osseous healing bone graft fusion, shiftless and bone graft absorption, bone graft healing time 3 months ~ 6 months (mean 3.5 months). Frankel classification 2 B patients return to D, the others al return to E. Conclusion Anterior lesion clearance bone graft and internal fixation treatment thoracolumbar tuberculosis curative effect affirmation, is beneficial to the recovery of patients.