Objects To study the prevalence and influence factors of thyroid disease in Xuzhou. Methods: A stratified cluster sampling was conducted about 103 thyroid patients and 96 community people as case-control with questionnaire in XUZHOU, the data analysis was made with SPSS17.0. Results: Among 103 patients, there are 49 people with goiter, 30 people with cancer and another 23 persons not clearly diagnosed. The factors about literacy, income, dried seaweed-eating, water used for cooking, feelings or negative life events, history of hypertension or diabetes, frequent contacting cel phones and computers.(p<0.05) may be statistical significance to Goiter. Conclusions: Patients with goiter and normal population have significant difference in the basic information, eating habits and living habits.