to study the analysis of the cause of cesarean section in patients with postoperative infection of incision, related factors, and provide reference for clinical prevention of wound infection after cesarean section. Methods: October 1, 2010 - on October 1, 2013 in our hospital cesarean section surgery and postoperative incision infection patients 72 cases as the research object, choose the same line in our hospital cesarean section surgery but no incision infection in patients 66 cases as control group, the statistical differences between the two groups of patients with relevant indicators affect postoperative incision infection. Results: the obese control group, the incidence of vaginal infections, anemia, prolonged labor than experimental group differences statisticaly significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: a variety of factors affecting the cesarean section patients postoperative incision infection. Therefore, in clinical practice, according to the different influencing factors, take targeted measures to prevent the occurrence of postoperative incision infection.