to explore the patients of diabetic nephropathy (DN) end-stage hemodialysis treatment the clinical characteristics and nursing observation. Methods: a retrospective analysis of hemodialysis patients, divided the patients into line with DN hemodialysis observation group and control group line hemodialysis for other reasons, compared two groups of survival rate, adverse reaction rate after treatment. Results: in the two aspects of survival rates and adverse reactions after treatment, the control group were better than the observation group, both statisticaly significant differences between the P < 0.05. Conclusion: end-stage diabetic nephropathy hemodialysis low survival rate, adverse reaction is high, the need to constantly strengthen the clinical care, reduce the complications of patients, improve the survival rate.