Research progress on the physiology and molecular mechanism of low-temperature stress tolerance during seed germination
Low temperature significantly inhibits the germination of seeds,which reduces seedling quality and ultimately causes severe yield losses.Low-temperature stress involves a series of physiological and metabolic changes,including the activities of antioxidant enzymes(catalase,superoxide dismutase and peroxidase)and the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants(ascorbic acid,glutathione and flavonoids),os-motic substances as well as endogenous phytohormone in seed.Low-temperature germination(LTG)is a complex agronomic trait controlled by multiple genes,and numerous low-temperature-tolerance quantita-tive trait loci(QTLs)have been identified in many crop species.However,the key genes associated with low-temperature germination and molecular mechanisms response to low temperature during germination are little known.In this review,we systematically summarize the research progress made in the physiologi-cal characteristics,QTL mapping/gene localization,gene cloning and molecular mechanism of seed resis-tance to low-temperature germination,and gives an outlook on the future research direction in this field,with a view to providing theoretical references for the researchers in this field to comprehensively under-stand and thoroughly study the mechanism of seed resistance to low-temperature germination and the cultivation of low-temperature-tolerant varieties.
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