The molecular mechanisms of environmental factors guiding stomatal development
Guard cells are a specialized type of epidermal cell;they appear in pairs,and the gap between the two cells forms the stomata.Stomata serve as sites for gas exchange between plants and the external envi-ronment,controlling water transpiration and the intake of CO2.To adapt to different environmental conditions,plants undergo adaptive changes in stomatal density and distribution to maintain the optimal balance for plant growth and survival.Stomatal development is regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic cues.In recent years,significant progress has been made in understanding the regulatory mechanisms of environmental factors on stomatal development.This paper reviews the latest research progress on the regulation of stomatai develop-ment by environmental factors such as light,CO2,water,temperature,and relative humidity.The aim is to pro-vide references and insights for a deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying plant adap-tation to environmental changes and the cultivation of plants with efficient water resource utilization.
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