摘要
以4个湖南省主推油茶晚熟品种'华硕''湘林1''湘林27''衡东大桃2号'为试材,调查花期并开展人工授粉试验,设计4个油茶品种正反交及自然授粉共计16个异交授粉组合,对不同品种配置组合的坐果率、果实发育情况、果实经济性状、含油率及脂肪酸含量等指标进行了测定,筛选出最佳配置组合.结果表明,'衡东大桃2号''湘林1''华硕'3个油茶良种的盛花期彼此之间重叠时间较长,为15～19 d;'湘林27'与'湘林1'盛花期重叠时间较长,为15 d;以'华硕'作为父本为'衡东大桃2号'授粉的坐果率高、果实较大、较重,果实含油率显著高于其他组合,且'衡东大桃2号'为父本为'华硕'授粉的坐果率高,果实单果重、鲜籽重、干籽重显著高于其他组合,二者可互为授粉树;此外,'湘林1'也可以作为'华硕'的授粉树;♀'湘林27'×♂'湘林1'果实的鲜籽出仁率、干籽出仁率、百籽重显著高于其他组合,且果实较大、种籽含油率最高;'湘林1'花粉在提高'湘林27'授粉结实率的基础上,授粉果实的鲜出籽率及鲜籽出仁率也显著高于其他组合,因此'湘林1'与'湘林27'可互为授粉树;另外,♀'衡东大桃2号'×♂'湘林1'坐果率高、果实性状较优,也可推荐为品种配置组合.
Abstract
This study used four main cultivars of Camellia oleifera promoted in Hunan Province as test ma-terials.Investigate the flowering period and conduct artificial pollination experiments,designing a total of 16 cross pollination combinations for 4 Camellia oleifera cultivars,including reciprocal cross pollination and nat-ural pollination.Pollen vitality,fruit set rate,fruit development,economic traits of the fruit,kernel oil content,seed oil content,fruit oil content and fatty acid composition were determined to identify the best cultivar combinations.The results showed that the peak flowering periods of the three excellent Camellia oleifera cul-tivars,'Hengdong Datao 2','XL 1',and'Huashuo',overlapped with each other for a long time,ranging from 15 to 19 days.The peak flowering period of'XL 27'and'XL 1'overlaps for a longer period of 15 days;The polli-nation of'Hengdong Datao 2'with'Huashuo'as the paternal parent resulted in a high fruit setting rate,larger and heavier fruit,and significantly higher fruit oil content than other combinations;The fruit setting rate of the male parent'Hengdong Datao 2'pollinated with'Huashuo'is high,with significantly higher single fruit weight,fresh seed weight,and dry seed weight than other combinations.The two can be pollinating trees for each other;In addition,'XL 1'can be used as a pollinating tree for'Huashuo'.The kernel rate in fresh seed,kernel rate in dry seed,hundred-seeded weight of ♀'XL 1'×♂'XL 27 fruits were significantly higher than other com-binations,and the fruits were larger with the highest seed oil content;On the basis of improving the pollina-tion and fruiting rate of'XL 27',the pollen of'XL 1'significantly increased the fresh seed and kernel yield of pollinated fruits compared to other combinations.Therefore,'XL 1'and'XL 27'can be pollinating trees for each other;Additionally,♀'Hengdong Datao 2'×♂'XL 1'has a high fruit setting rate and excellent fruit charac-teristics,and can also be recommended as a variety configuration combination.
基金项目
长沙市"揭榜挂帅"重大科技项目(KQ2102007)
湖南省科技创新计划人才项目(2022RC1155)
湖南省重点研发项目(2023SK2055)
NETL
NSTL
万方数据