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中国落叶栎林群落结构特征及气候和人类活动的影响

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落叶栎林是中国温带地区和亚热带山地典型的植被类型之一.虽然已有大量关于中国落叶栎林的群落结构特征研究,但以往研究多局限于局域尺度或单个类群,而在国家尺度上的系统性研究较为缺乏.本文采用统一的调查方法获取682个天然落叶栎林样方数据,基于此数据分析了我国落叶栎林的群落结构特征及其空间格局,探究了影响其特征的气候和人为因素.研究结果表明,中国落叶栎林乔木层的平均胸径、平均树高、平均林分密度和平均总胸高断面积分别为:13.7 cm、10.0 m、1468株/ha和24.3m2/ha.落叶栎林乔木层、灌木层和草本层的平均物种丰富度分别为:6种/600m2、10种/100m2和4种/1m2.随纬度的升高,落叶栎林平均树高、林分密度、总胸高断面积、乔木层物种丰富度和灌木层物种丰富度均呈现显著降低趋势,林分平均胸径无显著变化,而草本层物种丰富度呈现显著增加趋势.进一步分析发现,相比于林分密度和草本层物种丰富度,气候和人类活动可以更多地解释平均胸径、平均树高、总胸高断面积、乔木层物种丰富度和灌木层物种丰富度的空间分异.此外,与降水相关的气候因子在塑造群落结构特征的空间格局方面起着更为重要的作用.总之,本研究为认识中国落叶栎林群落结构特征的生物地理格局及其对全球变化的响应提供了基础.
The structural characteristics and climatic and human impacts of deciduous oak forests in China
Deciduous oak forest is one of the typical vegetation types in temperate and subtropical mountain zones in China.However,the patterns and determinants of the structural characteristics of these forests remain poorly understood.We investigated 682 oak forest plots across China to characterize the community structures of the oak forests and analyze the underlying factors controlling their spatial patterns.Across all plots,the overall mean values were 13.7 cm,10.0 m,1468 stems/ha and 24.3 m2/ha for the diameter at breast height(DBH),height,stem density and total basal area(TBA)of trees,respectively.The average species richness was 6 species/600 m2,10 species/100 m2 and 4 species/1 m2 for the tree,shrub and herb layers,respectively.As latitude increased,the mean tree height,stem density,TBA,tree species richness and shrub species richness decreased,and the mean DBH did not show a significant trend,while species richness of herbs increased significantly.Climatic and anthropogenic variables could explain more variations in mean DBH,mean tree height,TBA,tree species richness,shrub species richness than those in stem density and herb species richness.Further analysis showed that precipitation-related climatic factors were major factors shaping the spatial patterns of community structures.Our findings provide a basis for recognizing the biogeographic patterns of oak forest structures and their responses to global change in China.

Quercusdeciduous oak forestsstructural characteristicsclimatehuman disturbanceChina

Guoping Chen、Qiong Cai、Wenjing Fang、Yuhao Feng、Jiangling Zhu、Chengjun Ji、Zhiyao Tang、Jingyun Fang

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Institute of Ecology,College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China

栎属(Quercus) 落叶栎林 结构特征 气候 人类活动

国家自然科学基金National Key Research and Development Program of ChinaKey Research Program of Frontier Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences

319881022017YFC0503906QYZDY-SSW-SMC011

2022

植物生态学报(英文版)

植物生态学报(英文版)

CSCDSCI
ISSN：1752-9921
年,卷(期)：2022.15(2)
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