中国干旱半干旱区荒漠植物叶片（或同化枝）表皮微形态特征
Leaf (or assimilation branch) epidermal micromorphology of desert plant in arid and semi-arid areas of China
刘玉冰 1李新荣 1李蒙蒙 1刘丹 1张雯莉1
作者信息
- 1. 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院，沙坡头沙漠试验研究站，甘肃省寒区旱区逆境生理与生态重点实验室，兰州 730000
- 折叠
摘要
为了探讨荒漠植物叶片表皮微形态结构对长期荒漠环境的适应特征及其分类学意义，应用扫描电镜对中国干旱半干旱荒漠区28科74属117种200多个自然居群的植物叶片(或同化枝)表皮微形态进行了研究。荒漠植物叶(或同化枝)表皮的基本特征是：表皮附属物相当丰富，包括大量的表皮绒毛、角质膜蜡质片层或晶体颗粒、表面瘤状或疣状突起以及相对下陷且密度较低的气孔器。对表皮微形态结构及附属物组成进行对比分析，将荒漠植物粗分为11种基本类型，包括表皮完全被形态各异的蜡质层或表皮毛覆盖、不同形态类型的表皮毛和蜡质层结合、蜡质层与不同分布类型的气孔器或表皮毛结合，以及各种突起的表皮细胞与蜡质层的结合等。根据抗逆所依赖的表皮及其附属物微形态结构，将荒漠植物适应环境胁迫的叶片表皮微形态分为6种主要类型，它们分别依赖于表皮毛、角质层蜡质、表皮凹凸结构、表面突起、混生的附属物以及上下表皮异化特征。荒漠植物叶表皮微形态结构的适应特征是通过表皮附属物(绒毛和角质膜蜡质层)与表皮结构(凹凸、乳突和气孔器)的相互协调作用，共同抵御强光、降低叶片的蒸腾来提高植物对干旱等不利环境的抗性。该研究在一定程度上阐明了荒漠植物对逆境的适应机理及其演化趋势，并为优良固沙植物的筛选提供了理论依据。
Abstract
Aims Leaf epidermal micromorphology is an important adaptation of desert plants to arid environment. A mi-cromorphological analysis of leaf epidermal tissue of desert plants was carried out in order to obtain qualitative and quantitative data on epidermal characteristics and to evaluate the long-term adaptive strategy of desert plants to aridity in desert conditions. <br> Methods The leaf (or assimilation branches) materials were sampled for more than 200 natural populations of 117 desert plant species from 74 genera and 28 families, in arid and semi-arid areas of China. The characteristics of leaf epidermal micromorphology of desert plants were then measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Characteristics of epidermal cell, trichome, stomatal, cuticular wax on adaxial and abaxial surface are presented. Important findings Leaf epidermal micromorphology of desert plants showed abundant diversity in different classification levels. The desert plants adapted to environmental stress can be divided into 11 basic morphological types according to the structure of the epidermis, and their characteristics of leaf epidermal morphology were classfied into 6 main types according to the relationships between stress resistance and structural characteristics of epidermal micromorphology and their appendages. The main epidermal appendages of desert plants (such as trichome, cuticular wax) and epidermal structures (concave-convex and papillary structure, stomata) could coop-erate with each other to improve the resistance of desert plants to drought and other adverse environmental stress by resisting the strong light and reducing leaf transpiration.
关键词
荒漠植物/叶片/同化枝/表皮微形态/干旱半干旱区Key words
desert plants/leaf/assimilation branch/epidermal micromorphology/arid and semi-arid areas引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2013CB429904)
国家自然科学基金(91125029)
出版年
2016
NETL
NSTL
维普
万方数据