Abstract
Angiosperms(flowering plants)are by far the most diverse land plant group with over 300,000 species.The sudden appearance of diverse angiosperms in the fossil record was referred to by Darwin as the"abominable mystery,"hence contributing to the heightened interest in angiosperm evolution.Angiosperms display wide ranges of morphological,physiological,and ecological characters,some of which have probably influenced their species richness.The evolutionary analyses of these characteristics help to address questions of angiosperm di-versification and require well resolved phy-logeny.Following the great successes of phy-logenetic analyses using plastid sequences,dozens to thousands of nuclear genes from next-generation sequencing have been used in angiosperm phylogenomic analyses,providing well resolved phylogenies and new insights into the evolution of angiosperms.In this review we focus on recent nuclear phylogenomic analyses of large angiosperm clades,orders,families,and subdivisions of some families and provide a summarized Nuclear Phylogenetic Tree of An-giosperm Families.The newly established nu-clear phylogenetic relationships are highlighted and compared with previous phylogenetic re-sults.The sequenced genomes of Amborella,Nymphaea,Chloranthus,Ceratophyllum,and species of monocots,Magnoliids,and basal eudicots,have facilitated the phylogenomics of relationships among five major angiosperms clades.All but one of the 64 angiosperm orders were included in nuclear phylogenomics with well resolved relationships except the place-ments of several orders.Most families have been included with robust and highly supported placements,especially for relationships within several large and important orders and families.Additionally,we examine the divergence time estimation and biogeographic analyses of an-giosperm on the basis of the nuclear phyloge-nomic frameworks and discuss the differences compared with previous analyses.Furthermore,we discuss the implications of nuclear phylo-genomic analyses on ancestral reconstruction of morphological,physiological,and ecological characters of angiosperm groups,limitations of current nuclear phylogenomic studies,and the taxa that require future attention.
基金项目
Eberly College of Sciences and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences at the Pennsylvania State University()
NETL
NSTL
万方数据