Abstract
Stomata play a crucial role in plants by controlling water status and responding to drought stress.However,simultaneously improving stomatai opening and drought tolerance has proven to be a significant challenge.To address this issue,we em-ployed the OnGuard quantitative model,which ac-curately represents the mechanics and coordination of ion transporters in guard cells.With the guidance of OnGuard,we successfully engineered plants that overexpressed the main tonoplast Ca2+-ATPase gene,ACA11,which promotes stomatai opening and enhances plant growth.Surprisingly,these transgenic plants also exhibited improved drought tolerance due to reduced water loss through their stomata.Again,OnGuard assisted us in under-standing the mechanism behind the unexpected stomatal behaviors observed in the ACA11 over-expressing plants.Our study revealed that the over-expression of ACA11 facilitated the accumulation of Ca2+in the vacuole,thereby influencing Ca2+storage and leading to an enhanced Ca2+elevation in response to abscisic acid.This regulatory cascade finely tunes stomatal responses,ultimately leading to enhanced drought tolerance.Our findings under-score the importance of tonoplast Ca2+-ATPase in manipulating stomatal behavior and improving drought tolerance.Furthermore,these results high-light the diverse functions of tonoplast-localized ACA11 in response to different conditions,empha-sizing its potential for future applications in plant enhancement.
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