Abstract
The ancient crop broomcom millet(Panicum miliaceum L.)is an indispensable orphan crop in semi-arid regions due to its short life cycle and excellent abiotic stress tolerance.These ad-vantages make it an important alternative crop to increase food security and achieve the goal of zero hunger,particularly in light of the uncertainty of global climate change.However,functional ge-nomic and biotechnological research in broom-com millet has been hampered due to a lack of genetic tools such as transformation and genome-editing techniques.Here,we successfully per-formed genome editing of broomcorn millet.We identified an elite variety,Hongmi,that produces embryogenic callus and has high shoot re-generation ability in in vitro culture.We established an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation protocol and a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/Cas9-mediated genome-editing system for Hongmi.Using these techniques,we produced herbicide-resistant transgenic plants and edited phytoene desaturase(PmPDS),which is involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis.To facilitate the rapid adoption of Hongmi as a model line for broomcorn millet research,we assembled a near-complete genome sequence of Hongmi and compre-hensively annotated its genome.Together,our re-sults open the door to improving broomcom millet using biotechnology.
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