Research Advances of Structure and Function of HIPP Family in Plants
Heavy metal-associated isoprenylated plant proteins(HIPPs)are a class of proteins characterized by the presence of heavy metal-associated domains(HMA)and C-terminal isoprenylation motifs in plants.Here,we introduce the structural characteristics of the HIPPs,review their potential roles in plant development and response to environ-mental changes(including biotic and abiotic stresses)as well as discuss their working mechanisms underlying their par-ticipation in heavy-metal homeostasis and detoxification.This comprehensive overview aims to provide valuable insights for future research on the HIPP family across diverse plant species.