This study applies ERP method to explore the pathway by which L2 learners activate their L1 lexical rep-resentations while recognizing their L2 words.Employing an implicit priming paradigm,two experiments are con-ducted to infer activation by observing participants'perception of the implicit repetition of translated words,which could be identified only after activating their L1 lexical representation.EEG results from Experiment 1,where par-ticipants perform a semantic relatedness judgment task,reveal a significant N400 difference between repeated and non-repeated translated words.This indicates that participants activate their L1 lexical representations through con-ceptual representation,confirming the existence of Path-1.In Experiment 2,where participants are engaged in an orthographic judgment task without semantic priming,they also perceive the implicit condition of word translation,suggesting direct activation of their L1 lexical representations from their L2 lexical representations,i.e.the existence of Path-2.Overall,the pathway from L2 lexical representations to L1 lexical representations during word recognition aligns with the RHM's description of word production pathways.Consequently,this study hypothesizes that although the brain employs different processing mechanisms in word recognition and production,they share commonalities during cross-language word activation.