This paper takes portable water purifiers as the research object,pointing out that the mainstream water purifiers have a single filtration system and no water storage part.A new type of portable water purifier structure design is proposed,by analyzing the main sources of water pollution,designing the basic working principle of the water purifier,setting up a three-stage filtration system structure,to ensure that the purified water meets drinking water standards.At the same time,in order to meet the portable size requirements,a folded structure of glass fiber filter mesh was designed,which can meet the basic filtration rate requirements at a small size.The overall filtration structure was designed with layering and removable structure to improve the overall equipment utilization rate and service life.In order to meet the complex outdoor environment,a hand-cranked gear rack and pinion transmission device was designed to ensure that the device can meet the long-term working requirements in external environments.