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露珠杜鹃繁育系统及杂交亲和性

Breeding System and Hybridization Affinity of Rhododendron irroratum

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为种质资源保护和乡土园林树种推广提供技术支持,对野生露珠杜鹃(Rhododendron irroratum)繁育系统和杂交亲和性进行研究,试验包括开花生物学特性,繁育系统特性,与高山杜鹃优良园艺品种杂交授粉,荧光显微镜观察授粉花粉萌发及花粉管生长过程,以及坐果率和结实率统计.结果表明:(1)露珠杜鹃开花时间为4月下旬到5月下旬,花粉活力与柱头可授粉性随开花时间的延长逐渐下降.(2)杂交指数(OCI)为3,P/O值为343.47.(3)主要传粉者为膜翅目中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana),繁育系统为兼性异交型,自交亲和,需要传粉者,属虫媒花.(4)人工控制授粉发现不存在无融合生殖,能自动自花授粉,异株异花、同株异花、自花授粉坐果率分别为46.96%、45.03%、37.16%,人工授粉平均坐果率与自然传粉坐果率基本一致.(5)露珠杜鹃作为亲本进行人工杂交授粉表现出杂交不亲和,母本花粉管中存在胼胝质栓塞,导致花粉管不能延伸至子房.通过观察发现,露珠杜鹃杂交亲和难点在于花粉管生长过程.
To protect germplasm resources and provide technical support for native garden species,the breeding system and hybrid affinity of wild Rhododendron irroratum were studied.The experiments included flowering biological characteristics,the characteristics of breeding system and the cross pollination with fine horticultural varieties of Rhododendron.The process of pollen germination and pollen tube growth were observed by fluorescence microscope,and the fruiting and seed setting were calculated.The results showed that(1)the flowering time of R.irroratum dewdrop was from late April to late May,and pollen viability and stigma receptivity decreased gradually with the extension of flowering time.(2)Hybridization index(OCI)was 3,P/O value was 343.47.(3)The main pollinator was Apis cerana.The breeding system was facultative outbred,self-compatible,requiring pollinators.(4)No apomixis was found in artificial pollination,which could automatically self-pollinate.The fruit setting rates of different strains cross-pollination,strains cross-pollination and self-pollination were 46.96%,45.03%and 37.16%respectively.The average fruit setting rate of artificial pollination was basically consistent with that of natural pollination.(5)The hybrid incompatibility was observed in the parent for artificial cross pollination.Fluorescence microscopy revealed callose embolism in the pollen tube of the mother,which prevented the tube from extending to the ovary.Through observation,it is found that the difficulty of cross compatibility lies in pollen tube growth process.

Rhododendron irroratumbreeding systemhybridization affinityfluorescence microscopy

熊文艳、吴雅文、白天、解玮佳、董燕、张敬丽

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云南农业大学园林园艺学院,昆明 650201

中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所,万宁 571533

云南省农业科学院花卉研究所,昆明 650205

中国花卉协会,北京 100102

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露珠杜鹃 繁育系统 杂交亲和性 荧光显微观察

云南科技人才与平台计划云南省吕英民院士专家工作站云南农业联合专项云南农业大学科研启动项目创新引导与科技型企业培育计划云南省宜良县苗木产业科技特派团

202305AF150155202301BD070001-139A2032021013202404BI090014

2024

10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2024.03.006

植物研究
东北林业大学

植物研究

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：0.877
ISSN：1673-5102
年,卷(期)：2024.44(3)
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