The concept"is"(Shi)in Qiwulun has three meanings:"all-is""it-is"and"self-is"."All-is"clarifies the unity of all things,"it-is"embodies the individual uniqueness of every single thing,and"self-is"highlights the judgment of right and wrong.Zhuangzi believed that"self-is"not only provides a rational basis to human existence,but also possesses a tendency of being both essentialized into"true-is"and universalized into"sameness".Through this process,however,the authenticity of the world and life gets gradually lost.Therefore,Zhuangzi proposed Qiwu as"Yin Shi",in order to prevent the essentialization and universalization of the subject itself,and also to dissolve its domination,possession as well as harm of others.In the ultimate sense,Zhuangzi attempted to open up a realm of co-existence wherein every existing individual can achieve its own"self-is".
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