How Does the Formal Analysis Grasp the Essential Relationships in Real-world Issues?An Exploration into Marx's Critique of Fetishism in The Capital
The reason why the formal analysis can reveal the essential relationships in issues of the real world consists in its refusal to understand formal categories as self-evident facts that would in this way dissolve real problems.Instead,it adheres to the principle of unity between logic and history,searching for the causes,processes,and essences of formal categories,and on the basis of this,putting forward fundamental solutions to problems.Marx's critique of fetishism in The Capital serves as a typical example of Marx's application of the formal analysis to grasp essential relationships.On the one hand,by analyzing the form of value,Marx argues that the real root of commodity fetishism lies in the social nature of labor in commodity production,hence clarifying its dual attributes in terms of social existence and social consciousness.On the other hand,starting from commodity exchange and currency circulation,he examines the emergence and development of forms of currency and capital,not only pointing out the secrets of currency fetishism and capital fetishism,but also elucidating the process by which capital increases value autonomously and becomes the master of all social relations.Thus,turning his attention back to true human relationships,Marx proposes to transcend common perceptions and achieve the"sublation"(Aufheben)of capitalist fetishism through the concept of"the community of free individuals".
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