Marx's readings of Epicurus and Spinoza during his doctoral study mainly concentrated on the distinction between substance and accident.Spinoza to some extent revived the role of accidents and non-existence by interpreting the substance as"immanent causality"and the essence of finite beings as a power of self-preservation(conatus).Therefore,the actual political life is nothing else than an interplay of plural powers,while an encounter between bodies and bodies of multitudes is always priori to a certain determination of forms.This unique materialism led Karl Marx to critique Hegel's philosophy of right.Especially by referring back to a radically democratic dimension in Spinoza's political theory,Marx could interpret democracy as a form-of-life which is the real unity of form and contents and opens itself to social revolutions in the very moment of constituent power.
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