Abstract
Tocotrienols are found in a variety of natural sources,like rice bran,annatto seeds and palm oil,and have been shown to have several health-promoting properties,particularly against chronic diseases such as cancer.The incidence of cancer is rapidly increasing around the world,not only a result of continued aging and population growth,but also due to the adoption of aspects of the Western lifestyle,such as high-fat diets and low-physical activity.The literature provides strong evidence that tocotrienols are able to inhibit the growth of various cancers,including breast,lung,ovarian,prostate,liver,brain,colon,mye-loma and pancreatic cancers.These findings,along with the reported safety profile of tocotrienols in healthy human volunteers,encourage further research into these compounds'potential use in cancer pre-vention and treatment.The current review provided detailed information about the molecular mecha-nisms of action of different tocotrienol isoforms in various cancer models and evaluated the potential therapeutic effects of different vitamin E analogues on important cancer hallmarks,such as cellular pro-liferation,apoptosis,angiogenesis and metastasis.MEDLINE/PubMed and Scopus databases were used to identify recently published articles that investigated the anticancer effects of vitamin E derivatives in var-ious types of cancer in vitro and in vivo along with clinical evidence of adjuvant chemopreventive ben-efits.Following an overview of pre-clinical studies,we describe several completed and ongoing clinical trials that are paving the way for the successful implementation of tocotrienols in cancer chemotherapy.
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