Adjustment of Birth Policies,Optimization of Population Age Structure and Enhancement of Population Quality
Optimizing China's birth policies and promoting balanced population development necessitate a comprehensive understanding of the economic impacts of different birth measures.This study delves into this intricate relationship by constructing a unified theoretical model informed by China's unique cultural background and evolving birth policy landscape.By incorporating real-world data,we systematically analyze the effects of voluntary birth,birth limitation(family planning),and birth encouragement policies on population age structure and human capital quality.Our findings reveal:the family planning policy effectively reduced birth rates while fostering human capital growth,explaining China's transition from rapid population growth to a demographic dividend period followed by an aging population.However,despite policy relaxation,rising child-rearing costs,increased emphasis on child quality,and intensified public education investment contributed to the lack of a substantial birth rate increase.Birth encouragement policies can raise birth rates but might decrease human capital growth.To achieve simultaneous increases in both birth rates and human capital,coordinated implementation with public education policies is crucial.In China's current context,raising birth rates to replacement levels would transition the population from aging to a phase with a heavier caregiving burden,ultimately leading to balanced development.This study expands the analytical framework for the economic impact of birth policies,providing a theoretical foundation for government adjustments to public policies.
Birth policiesBirth ratePopulation age structureHuman capital
万方数据
维普
