Employment Effect of Enterprise R&D Expenditure:Spatial Econometric Analysis Based on Upstream and Downstream of Capital Goods in Manufacturing Industry
The impact of increasing R&D expenditure on employment is of great concern.This paper first establishes the upstream and downstream industry model of capital goods based on R&D,and theoretically analyzes the impact of R&D expenditure on employment.Then,based on China's manufacturing industry data from 2012 to 2021,this paper uses spatial econometric method to empirically test the total employment scale effect of firm R&D expenditure and the changes of upstream and downstream employment structure.The results show that the total effect of R&D expenditure on employment scale is not significant in our country.However,the increase in R&D expenditure of firms in the upstream industry of capital goods will negatively affect the employment of downstream industries,resulting in an increase in the proportion of employment in the upstream industry and an upward shift in the employment structure.The heterogeneity analysis shows that the upward migration effect of the employment structure of the equipment upstream industry group is obvious.The mechanism analysis shows that the increase of new products in the upstream industry promotes the use of capital goods in the downstream industry,replaces the labor in the downstream industry,and promotes the upward migration of the employment structure.The research conclusions have certain practical significance and reference value for optimizing innovation and employment policies and alleviating frictional unemployment.
Enterprise R&D expenditureShift in employment structureUpstream and downstream of capital goodsIndustry space weight matrix
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